CVE-2025-24085

CRITICALNVD 10.010.0
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score elevated to 10.0 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2025-01-29), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 10.0 retained for reference. Confidence: HIGH.

Triggered by: CISA KEV (actively exploited)
Sources: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekExploited in the wild

Also known asEUVD-2025-3607 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

10.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPatch nowTreat as an emergency — this is being exploited.
  • Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV) — the reason this is sooner than the SSVC decision on this page at low mission impact
CISA-KEV: ExploitedEPSS PROB: 18%CVSS: 10.0Exploit: Public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

The CVE record names the fixed release — apply it.

A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.3 and iPadOS 18.3, iPadOS 17.7.6, macOS Sequoia 15.3, macOS Sonoma 14.7.5, macOS Ventura 13.7.5, tvOS 18.3, visionOS 2.3, watchOS 11.3. A malicious application may be able to elevate privileges. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 17.2.

CVSS v3
10.0
EG Score
10.0CRITICALhigh confidence
EG Risk
100
EG Risk 100/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity100% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 10.0 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation100% × 40%
Fixed at 100% for a CISA KEV listing: EchelonGraph's rule.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Attend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.
Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: The CVE record names the fixed release. Apply it sooner than your standard update timelines at low mission impact and as soon as possible at medium or high.
EPSS PROB
18%
EPSS %ILE
97th
KEV
⚠ Exploited

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (10.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 10.0 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
10.0 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
18% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-01). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
CISA KEV and EG-KEV Tier 1 (exploited in the wild)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Act at medium mission impactAttend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 3 days & forensic triage if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Attend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.

The CVE record names the fixed release. Apply it sooner than your standard update timelines at low mission impact and as soon as possible at medium or high.

Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 3 days & forensic triage if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV yes (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

CISA required action“Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.”

Quoted verbatim from CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. CISA directs it at US federal civilian executive branch agencies under Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 26-04, which replaced BOD 22-01 on 10 June 2026; it is not EchelonGraph's advice. CISA's notes: https://support.apple.com/en-us/122066 · https://support.apple.com/en-us/122068 · https://support.apple.com/en-us/122071 · https://support.apple.com/en-us/122072 · https://support.apple.com/en-us/122073 · https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24085

Published

January 27, 2025

Last Modified

April 3, 2026

Advisory Details (10)

Auto-updated Nov 1, 2026
⚠️ Actively exploited (CISA KEV, CISA Vulnrichment). Fix named in the CVE record.
Web page

Full Disclosure: APPLE-SA-03-31-2025-4 iPadOS 17.7.6

http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/5
Web page

Full Disclosure: APPLE-SA-03-31-2025-9 macOS Ventura 13.7.5

http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/10
Web page

About the security content of macOS Ventura 13.7.5 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/122375
Web page

About the security content of macOS Sonoma 14.7.5 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/122374
Web page

About the security content of iPadOS 17.7.6 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/122372
Web page

About the security content of visionOS 2.3 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/122073
Web page

About the security content of tvOS 18.3 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/122072
Web page

About the security content of watchOS 11.3 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/122071
Web page

About the security content of macOS Sequoia 15.3 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/122068
Web page

About the security content of iOS 18.3 and iPadOS 18.3 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/122066

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 21× in last 7d / 128× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 1,181 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 1,081 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-01 23:58 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-11-01 23:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  3. 2026-11-01 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  4. 2026-10-31 23:05 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-31 23:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  6. 2026-10-31 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  7. 2026-10-30 22:11 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-30 22:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  9. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  10. 2026-10-29 21:17 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-29 21:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  12. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  13. 2026-10-28 20:24 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-28 20:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  15. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  16. 2026-10-27 19:31 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-27 19:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  18. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  19. 2026-10-26 18:38 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-26 18:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  21. 2026-10-26 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  22. 2026-10-25 17:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  23. 2026-10-25 16:41 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  25. 2026-10-24 16:48 UTCEG score recompute
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-24 16:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  2. 2026-10-24 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  3. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  4. 2026-10-23 15:54 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-23 15:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  6. 2026-10-22 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  7. 2026-10-22 14:58 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-22 14:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  9. 2026-10-21 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  10. 2026-10-21 14:05 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-21 14:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  12. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  13. 2026-10-20 13:10 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-20 13:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  15. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  16. 2026-10-19 12:17 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-19 12:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  18. 2026-10-18 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  19. 2026-10-18 11:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  20. 2026-10-18 05:44 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-17 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  22. 2026-10-17 10:29 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-17 10:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  24. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  25. 2026-10-16 09:34 UTCEG score recompute
  26. 2026-10-16 09:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  27. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  28. 2026-10-15 08:40 UTCEG score recompute
  29. 2026-10-15 08:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  30. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  31. 2026-10-14 07:44 UTCEG score recompute
  32. 2026-10-14 07:44 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  33. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  34. 2026-10-13 06:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  35. 2026-10-12 17:17 UTCEG score recompute
  36. 2026-10-12 05:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  37. 2026-10-12 01:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  38. 2026-10-11 21:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  39. 2026-10-11 20:49 UTCEG score recompute
  40. 2026-10-11 17:59 UTCEG score recompute
  41. 2026-10-11 17:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  42. 2026-10-11 14:01 UTCEG score recompute
  43. 2026-10-11 14:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  44. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  45. 2026-10-11 10:03 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  46. 2026-10-11 06:05 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  47. 2026-10-11 02:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  48. 2026-10-10 22:06 UTCEG score recompute
  49. 2026-10-10 22:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  50. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  51. 2026-10-10 18:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  52. 2026-10-10 14:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  53. 2026-10-10 10:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  54. 2026-10-10 06:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  55. 2026-10-10 02:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  56. 2026-10-09 22:12 UTCEG score recompute
  57. 2026-10-09 22:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  58. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  59. 2026-10-09 18:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  60. 2026-10-09 14:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  61. 2026-10-09 10:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  62. 2026-10-09 06:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  63. 2026-10-09 02:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  64. 2026-10-08 22:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  65. 2026-10-08 18:19 UTCEG score recompute
  66. 2026-10-08 18:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  67. 2026-10-08 17:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  68. 2026-10-08 14:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  69. 2026-10-08 10:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  70. 2026-10-08 06:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  71. 2026-10-08 02:25 UTCEG score recompute
  72. 2026-10-08 02:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  73. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  74. 2026-10-07 22:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  75. 2026-10-07 18:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h23-57pg-3hwc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8

Publicly available exploits

(2 references)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 Exploit-DB entry, 1 GitHub PoC). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

  • GitHub PoCJGoyd/Glass-Cage-iOS18-CVE-2025-24085-CVE-2025-24201
    Published Aug 23, 2025

    Glass Cage is a zero-click PNG-based RCE chain in iOS 18.2.1, bypassing LockDown mode protection by exploiting ImageIO (CVE-2025-43300), then WebKit(CVE-2025-24201) and Core Media(CVE-2025-24085) to achieve sandbox escape, kernel-level access, and device bricking. Triggered via iMessage, it enables full compromise with no user interaction.

    Open source ↗
  • Exploit-DBEDB-52316
    Published Jun 5, 2025

    macOS LaunchDaemon iOS 17.2 - Privilege Escalation

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(6)

What is CVE-2025-24085?
CVE-2025-24085 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on January 27, 2025. A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.3 and iPadOS 18.3, iPadOS 17.7.6, macOS Sequoia 15.3, macOS Sonoma 14.7.5, macOS Ventura 13.7.5, tvOS 18.3, visionOS 2.3, watchOS 11.3. A malicious application may be able to elevate privileges.…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-24085 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-24085 was published on January 27, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of April 3, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-24085 actively exploited?
Yes. CISA added CVE-2025-24085 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on January 29, 2025, affecting Apple Multiple Products. KEV listing indicates confirmed exploitation in the wild; this CVE warrants immediate attention. The CVE record names the fixed release. Apply it.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-24085?
CVE-2025-24085 has a CVSS v3 base score of 10.0 (NVD).
Which products are affected by CVE-2025-24085?
CVE-2025-24085 affects Apple Multiple Products.
How do I remediate CVE-2025-24085?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-24085 names the fix: "This issue is fixed in iOS 18.3 and iPadOS 18.3, iPadOS 17.7.6, macOS Sequoia 15.3, macOS Sonoma 14.7.5, macOS Ventura 13.7.5, tvOS 18.3, visionOS 2.3, watchOS 11.3."

Dependency Blast Radius

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