CVE-2025-23209

CRITICALNVD 8.09.0
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

“▲” beside the score: it is higher than NVD's CVSS score.

Score elevated to 9.0 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2025-02-20), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 8.0 retained for reference. The 9.0 is the floor for confirmed exploitation, not an impact rating: this CVE's impact severity (EG Severity) is CVSS 8.0 HIGH under GitHub Security Advisory CVSS. Confidence: HIGH.

Triggered by: CISA KEV (actively exploited)
Sources: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekExploited in the wild

Also known asEUVD-2025-0208 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-x684-96hh-833x (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPatch nowTreat as an emergency — this is being exploited.
  • Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV) — the reason this is sooner than the SSVC decision on this page at low or medium mission impact
CISA-KEV: ExploitedEPSS PROB: 22%CVSS: 8.0Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Craft is a flexible, user-friendly CMS for creating custom digital experiences on the web and beyond. This is an remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability that affects Craft 4 and 5 installs where your security key has already been compromised. Anyone running an unpatched version of Craft with a compromised security key is affected. This vulnerability has been patched in Craft 5.5.8 and 4.13.8. Users who cannot update to a patched version, should rotate their security keys and ensure their privacy to help migitgate the issue.

CVSS v3
8.0
EG Score
9.0CRITICALhigh confidence
EG Risk
76
EG Risk 76/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity80% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 8.0 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation100% × 40%
Fixed at 100% for a CISA KEV listing: EchelonGraph's rule.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Attend at medium and Act at high mission impact.
Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low, sooner than that at medium and as soon as possible at high mission impact.
EPSS PROB
22%
EPSS %ILE
97th
KEV
⚠ Exploited

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.0 is the CISA KEV floor for confirmed exploitation, not an impact rating: its impact severity (EG Severity) is CVSS 8.0 HIGH.

EG Severity
8.0 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
22% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-01). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
CISA KEV and EG-KEV Tier 1 (exploited in the wild)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Attend at medium mission impactTrack at low, Attend at medium and Act at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 14 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Attend at medium and Act at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low, sooner than that at medium and as soon as possible at high mission impact.

Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 14 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV yes (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

CISA required action“Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.”

Quoted verbatim from CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. CISA directs it at US federal civilian executive branch agencies under Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 26-04, which replaced BOD 22-01 on 10 June 2026; it is not EchelonGraph's advice. CISA's notes: https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisories/GHSA-x684-96hh-833x · https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23209

Published

January 18, 2025

Last Modified

October 24, 2025

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated Oct 26, 2026
⚠️ Actively exploited (CISA KEV, CISA Vulnrichment). Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github, cisa.
CISA🔴 Active Exploitation

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA. Listed in CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-23209
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Potential RCE with a compromised security key · Advisory · craftcms/cms · GitHub

https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisories/GHSA-x684-96hh-833x
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit e59e22b30c9d (craftcms/cms)

Patch available: craftcms/cms 6.0.0-alpha.10 (contains commit e59e22b30c9d)

https://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/e59e22b30c9dd39e5e2c7fe02c147bcbd004e603

Patch Availability(2)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
composercraftcms/cms @ 5.5.8 (fixes >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.5.5)—ghsa
composercraftcms/cms @ 4.13.8 (fixes >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.13.8)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Packagist(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
craftcms/cms4.0.0 ... 4.9.7 (170 versions)
  • 5.0.0-RC1 up to 5.5.8: fixed in 5.5.8
  • 4.0.0-RC1 up to 4.13.8: fixed in 4.13.8
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 17× in last 7d / 64× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 98 of 342 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 2 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 244 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-01 21:50 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-11-01 21:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x684-96hh-833x · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  3. 2026-11-01 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  4. 2026-11-01 08:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x684-96hh-833x · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  5. 2026-11-01 08:09 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-31 23:28 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-31 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  8. 2026-10-31 01:04 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  10. 2026-10-30 02:40 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  12. 2026-10-29 04:17 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  14. 2026-10-28 05:52 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  16. 2026-10-27 07:29 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-26 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  18. 2026-10-25 16:41 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  20. 2026-10-25 10:41 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-24 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  22. 2026-10-24 12:18 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  24. 2026-10-23 13:55 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-22 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
Show 73 more
  1. 2026-10-21 17:05 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-21 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  3. 2026-10-20 18:42 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  5. 2026-10-19 20:17 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  7. 2026-10-18 21:52 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-18 05:44 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-17 23:29 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-17 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  11. 2026-10-17 01:06 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  13. 2026-10-16 02:42 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  15. 2026-10-15 04:17 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  17. 2026-10-14 05:52 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  19. 2026-10-12 17:18 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-11 19:55 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-11 19:00 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-11 15:33 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  24. 2026-10-10 22:06 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  26. 2026-10-10 00:18 UTCEG score recompute
  27. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  28. 2026-10-08 17:48 UTCEG score recompute
  29. 2026-10-08 17:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  30. 2026-10-08 00:17 UTCEG score recompute
  31. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  32. 2026-10-06 17:46 UTCEG score recompute
  33. 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  34. 2026-10-05 19:58 UTCEG score recompute
  35. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  36. 2026-10-05 02:32 UTCEG score recompute
  37. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  38. 2026-10-03 15:41 UTCEG score recompute
  39. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  40. 2026-10-02 17:53 UTCEG score recompute
  41. 2026-10-02 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  42. 2026-10-01 20:06 UTCEG score recompute
  43. 2026-10-01 19:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  44. 2026-09-30 17:57 UTCEG score recompute
  45. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  46. 2026-09-29 15:47 UTCEG score recompute
  47. 2026-09-28 22:20 UTCEG score recompute
  48. 2026-09-27 21:51 UTCCISA KEV update
  49. 2026-09-27 15:52 UTCEG score recompute
  50. 2026-09-26 18:04 UTCEG score recompute
  51. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  52. 2026-09-26 00:32 UTCEG score recompute
  53. 2026-09-26 00:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  54. 2026-09-25 19:35 UTCCISA KEV update
  55. 2026-09-25 14:55 UTCCISA KEV update
  56. 2026-09-24 19:31 UTCCISA KEV update
  57. 2026-09-24 17:58 UTCEG score recompute
  58. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  59. 2026-09-23 15:50 UTCEG score recompute
  60. 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  61. 2026-09-22 19:36 UTCCISA KEV update
  62. 2026-09-22 18:03 UTCEG score recompute
  63. 2026-09-22 14:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  64. 2026-09-22 00:38 UTCEG score recompute
  65. 2026-09-21 19:09 UTCCISA KEV update
  66. 2026-09-19 16:00 UTCEG score recompute
  67. 2026-09-18 22:35 UTCEG score recompute
  68. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  69. 2026-09-18 19:20 UTCCISA KEV update
  70. 2026-09-18 14:15 UTCCISA KEV update
  71. 2026-09-17 20:29 UTCEG score recompute
  72. 2026-09-16 18:22 UTCEG score recompute
  73. 2026-09-16 14:10 UTCCISA KEV update

Frequently asked(6)

What is CVE-2025-23209?
CVE-2025-23209 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on January 18, 2025. Craft is a flexible, user-friendly CMS for creating custom digital experiences on the web and beyond. This is an remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability that affects Craft 4 and 5 installs where your security key has already been compromised. Anyone running an unpatched version of Craft with a…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-23209 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-23209 was published on January 18, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 24, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-23209 actively exploited?
Yes. CISA added CVE-2025-23209 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on February 20, 2025, affecting Craft CMS Craft CMS. KEV listing indicates confirmed exploitation in the wild; this CVE warrants immediate attention. A fix is available. Apply it.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-23209?
CVE-2025-23209 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.0 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 9.0 (CRITICAL).
Which products are affected by CVE-2025-23209?
CVE-2025-23209 affects Craft CMS Craft CMS. The affected packages EchelonGraph has on record, with version ranges, are listed in the Affected Packages section of this page.
How do I remediate CVE-2025-23209?
A fix for CVE-2025-23209 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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