CVE-2025-23048

CRITICALNVD 9.19.1
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 9.1 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2025-07-10. NVD baseline CVSS 9.1; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 4 sources updated this weekElevated

Also known asEUVD-2025-21018 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-gh64-76r6-qhpc (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.1EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Public exploit or proof-of-concept code is available
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 1.0%CVSS: 9.1Exploit: Public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In some mod_ssl configurations on Apache HTTP Server 2.4.35 through to 2.4.63, an access control bypass by trusted clients is possible using TLS 1.3 session resumption.

Configurations are affected when mod_ssl is configured for multiple virtual hosts, with each restricted to a different set of trusted client certificates (for example with a different SSLCACertificateFile/Path setting). In such a case, a client trusted to access one virtual host may be able to access another virtual host, if SSLStrictSNIVHostCheck is not enabled in either virtual host.

CVSS v3
9.1
EG Score
9.1CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
72
EG Risk 72/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity91% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.1 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
1.0%
EPSS %ILE
63rd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.1): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.1 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.1 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
1.0% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-02). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

July 10, 2025

Last Modified

November 4, 2025

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated Aug 1, 2026
Patch available.
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

[SECURITY] [DLA 4270-1] apache2 security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00009.html
Web page

oss-security - CVE-2025-23048: Apache HTTP Server: mod_ssl access control bypass with session resumption

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/07/10/8
Web page

oss-security - CVE fixes in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.64

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/07/10/2
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

Apache HTTP Server 2.4 vulnerabilities - The Apache HTTP Server Project

https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html

Patch Availability(14)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntuapache2-utils (2.4.29-1ubuntu4.27+esm6) @ bionic2026-11-02ubuntu
ubuntulibapache2-mod-proxy-uwsgi (2.4.58-1ubuntu8.7) @ noble2026-11-02ubuntu
redhathttpd:2.4-8060020250827162806.ad008a3a2025-09-11redhat
redhathttpd:2.4-8040020250827161824.522a0ee42025-09-11redhat
redhathttpd:2.4-8080020250827163339.63b345852025-09-10redhat
redhathttpd:2.4-8020020250827160659.4cda2c842025-09-08redhat
redhathttpd:2.4-8100020250728150834.489197e62025-09-03redhat
redhathttpd-0:2.4.63-1.el10_0.22025-09-02redhat
redhathttpd-0:2.4.62-4.el9_6.42025-09-02redhat
redhathttpd-0:2.4.51-7.el9_0.102025-08-28redhat
redhathttpd-0:2.4.53-11.el9_2.132025-08-28redhat
redhathttpd-0:2.4.57-11.el9_4.32025-08-28redhat
redhatpatch2025-08-14redhat
redhatjbcs-httpd24-mod_security-0:2.9.6-11.el7jbcs2025-08-14redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(10 across 10 ecosystems)
Alpine:v3.19(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
apache2—
  • every version up to 2.4.64-r0: fixed in 2.4.64-r0
—
Alpine:v3.20(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
apache2—
  • every version up to 2.4.64-r0: fixed in 2.4.64-r0
—
Alpine:v3.21(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
apache2—
  • every version up to 2.4.64-r0: fixed in 2.4.64-r0
—
Alpine:v3.22(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
apache2—
  • every version up to 2.4.64-r0: fixed in 2.4.64-r0
—
Alpine:v3.23(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
apache2—
  • every version up to 2.4.64-r0: fixed in 2.4.64-r0
—
Alpine:v3.24(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
apache2—
  • every version up to 2.4.64-r0: fixed in 2.4.64-r0
—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
apache22.4.48-3.1 ... 2.4.64-1 (64 versions)
  • every version up to 2.4.65-1~deb11u1: fixed in 2.4.65-1~deb11u1
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
apache22.4.57-2 ... 2.4.65-1~deb11u1 (25 versions)
  • every version up to 2.4.65-1~deb12u1: fixed in 2.4.65-1~deb12u1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
apache2—
  • every version up to 2.4.64-1: fixed in 2.4.64-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
apache2—
  • every version up to 2.4.64-1: fixed in 2.4.64-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(2)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 28× in last 7d / 92× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 99 of 254 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 1 repeat row among the latest 100 is merged into the row it repeats. The 155 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-02 18:44 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-11-02 18:44 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-11-02 18:44 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gh64-76r6-qhpc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  4. 2026-11-02 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  5. 2026-11-01 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 64th percentile
  6. 2026-11-01 16:23 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-11-01 16:23 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-11-01 16:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gh64-76r6-qhpc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  9. 2026-10-31 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 64th percentile
  10. 2026-10-31 14:00 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-31 14:00 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-10-31 14:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gh64-76r6-qhpc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  13. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  14. 2026-10-30 11:39 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-30 11:39 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-10-30 11:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gh64-76r6-qhpc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  17. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  18. 2026-10-29 09:18 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-29 09:18 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-10-29 09:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gh64-76r6-qhpc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  21. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  22. 2026-10-28 06:57 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-28 06:57 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-10-28 06:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gh64-76r6-qhpc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  25. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
Show 74 more
  1. 2026-10-27 04:37 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-27 04:37 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-10-27 04:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gh64-76r6-qhpc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  4. 2026-10-26 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  5. 2026-10-25 21:45 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-10-25 21:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gh64-76r6-qhpc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  7. 2026-10-25 16:42 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  9. 2026-10-24 19:14 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-24 19:14 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-10-24 19:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gh64-76r6-qhpc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  12. 2026-10-24 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  13. 2026-10-23 16:54 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-23 16:54 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-10-23 16:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gh64-76r6-qhpc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  16. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  17. 2026-10-22 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  18. 2026-10-22 14:33 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-22 14:33 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-10-22 14:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gh64-76r6-qhpc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  21. 2026-10-21 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  22. 2026-10-21 12:09 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-21 12:09 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-10-21 12:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gh64-76r6-qhpc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  25. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  26. 2026-10-20 09:48 UTCEG score recompute
  27. 2026-10-20 09:48 UTCVendor advisory
  28. 2026-10-20 09:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gh64-76r6-qhpc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  29. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  30. 2026-10-19 07:27 UTCEG score recompute
  31. 2026-10-19 07:27 UTCVendor advisory
  32. 2026-10-19 07:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gh64-76r6-qhpc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  33. 2026-10-18 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  34. 2026-10-18 05:04 UTCEG score recompute
  35. 2026-10-18 05:04 UTCVendor advisory
  36. 2026-10-18 05:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gh64-76r6-qhpc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  37. 2026-10-17 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  38. 2026-10-17 02:43 UTCEG score recompute
  39. 2026-10-17 02:43 UTCVendor advisory
  40. 2026-10-17 02:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gh64-76r6-qhpc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  41. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  42. 2026-10-16 00:22 UTCEG score recompute
  43. 2026-10-16 00:22 UTCVendor advisory
  44. 2026-10-16 00:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gh64-76r6-qhpc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  45. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  46. 2026-10-14 18:50 UTCEG score recompute
  47. 2026-10-14 18:50 UTCVendor advisory
  48. 2026-10-14 18:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gh64-76r6-qhpc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  49. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  50. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  51. 2026-10-13 14:24 UTCVendor advisory
  52. 2026-10-13 14:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gh64-76r6-qhpc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  53. 2026-10-12 17:18 UTCEG score recompute
  54. 2026-10-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  55. 2026-10-12 12:03 UTCVendor advisory
  56. 2026-10-12 12:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gh64-76r6-qhpc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  57. 2026-10-11 20:50 UTCEG score recompute
  58. 2026-10-11 19:00 UTCEG score recompute
  59. 2026-10-11 15:39 UTCEG score recompute
  60. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  61. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  62. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  63. 2026-10-08 17:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  64. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  65. 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  66. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  67. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  68. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  69. 2026-10-02 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  70. 2026-10-02 09:10 UTCOSV refresh
  71. 2026-10-01 19:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  72. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  73. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  74. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile

Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 GitHub PoC). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

  • GitHub PoCabsholi7ly/CVE-2025-23048-POC
    Published Oct 22, 2025

    Apache HTTP Server versions 2.4.35 – 2.4.63 are vulnerable to a client certificate authentication bypass when TLS 1.3 session resumption is used across virtual hosts with different `SSLCACertificateFile` directives.

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-23048?
CVE-2025-23048 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on July 10, 2025. In some mod_ssl configurations on Apache HTTP Server 2.4.35 through to 2.4.63, an access control bypass by trusted clients is possible using TLS 1.3 session resumption. Configurations are affected when mod_ssl is configured for multiple virtual hosts, with each restricted to a different set of…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-23048 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-23048 was published on July 10, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of November 4, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-23048 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-23048 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 1.0% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (63rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-23048?
CVE-2025-23048 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.1 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-23048?
A fix for CVE-2025-23048 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-23048 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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