CVE-2025-23040

MEDIUMNVD 6.66.6
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This medium-severity CVE scores 6.6 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.8% (55th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3

Also known asEUVD-2025-3091 (ENISA EUVD)Source: ENISA EUVD

6.6EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.8%CVSS: 6.6Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

The CVE record names the fixed release — apply it.

GitHub Desktop is an open-source Electron-based GitHub app designed for git development. An attacker convincing a user to clone a repository directly or through a submodule can allow the attacker access to the user's credentials through the use of maliciously crafted remote URL. GitHub Desktop relies on Git to perform all network related operations (such as cloning, fetching, and pushing). When a user attempts to clone a repository GitHub Desktop will invoke git clone and when Git encounters a remote which requires authentication it will request the credentials for that remote host from GitHub Desktop using the git-credential protocol. Using a maliciously crafted URL it's possible to cause the credential request coming from Git to be misinterpreted by Github Desktop such that it will send credentials for a different host than the host that Git is currently communicating with thereby allowing for secret exfiltration. GitHub username and OAuth token, or credentials for other Git remote hosts stored in GitHub Desktop could be improperly transmitted to an unrelated host. Users should update to GitHub Desktop 3.4.12 or greater which fixes this vulnerability. Users who suspect they may be affected should revoke any relevant credentials.

CVSS v3
6.6
EG Score
6.6MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
30
EG Risk 30/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity66% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 6.6 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.8% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: The CVE record names the fixed release. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.8%
EPSS %ILE
55th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (6.6): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 6.6 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
6.6 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.8% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-25). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

The CVE record names the fixed release. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

January 15, 2025

Last Modified

April 15, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Oct 24, 2026
Fix named in the CVE record. Sources: github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Maliciously crafted remote URLs could lead to credential leak · Advisory · desktop/desktop · GitHub

https://github.com/desktop/desktop/security/advisories/GHSA-36mm-rh9q-cpqq
Web page

Git - git-credential Documentation

https://git-scm.com/docs/git-credential
Web page

Reviewing and revoking authorization of GitHub Apps - GitHub Docs

https://docs.github.com/en/apps/using-github-apps/reviewing-and-revoking-authorization-of-github-apps

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 38× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 96 of 229 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 4 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 133 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-02 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  2. 2026-11-01 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  3. 2026-10-31 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  4. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  5. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  6. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  7. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
  8. 2026-10-26 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
  9. 2026-10-25 16:42 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
  11. 2026-10-24 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
  12. 2026-10-24 00:59 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
  14. 2026-10-22 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
  15. 2026-10-21 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
  16. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
  17. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
  18. 2026-10-18 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
  19. 2026-10-18 05:45 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-17 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
  21. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
  22. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
  23. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
  24. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  25. 2026-10-12 17:18 UTCEG score recompute
Show 71 more
  1. 2026-10-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  2. 2026-10-11 20:50 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-11 19:00 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-11 15:39 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  6. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  7. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  8. 2026-10-08 17:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  9. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  10. 2026-10-07 01:54 UTCOSV refresh
  11. 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  12. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  13. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  14. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  15. 2026-10-02 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  16. 2026-10-01 19:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  17. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  18. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  19. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  20. 2026-09-26 00:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  21. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  22. 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  23. 2026-09-22 14:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  24. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  25. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  26. 2026-09-17 07:50 UTCOSV refresh
  27. 2026-09-16 14:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  28. 2026-09-16 05:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  29. 2026-09-15 03:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  30. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  31. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  32. 2026-09-11 14:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  33. 2026-09-11 09:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  34. 2026-09-10 09:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  35. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  36. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  37. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  38. 2026-09-05 15:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  39. 2026-09-04 05:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  40. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  41. 2026-09-01 13:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  42. 2026-09-01 04:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  43. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  44. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  45. 2026-08-29 08:43 UTCOSV refresh
  46. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  47. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  48. 2026-08-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  49. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  50. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  51. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  52. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  53. 2026-08-18 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  54. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  55. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  56. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  57. 2026-08-15 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  58. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  59. 2026-08-12 20:13 UTCOSV refresh
  60. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  61. 2026-08-10 23:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 51st percentile
  62. 2026-08-09 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  63. 2026-08-07 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  64. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  65. 2026-08-05 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  66. 2026-08-04 15:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  67. 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  68. 2026-08-03 10:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  69. 2026-08-02 02:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  70. 2026-08-01 04:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  71. 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-23040?
CVE-2025-23040 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on January 15, 2025. GitHub Desktop is an open-source Electron-based GitHub app designed for git development. An attacker convincing a user to clone a repository directly or through a submodule can allow the attacker access to the user's credentials through the use of maliciously crafted remote URL. GitHub Desktop…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-23040 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-23040 was published on January 15, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of April 15, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-23040 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-23040 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.8% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (55th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-23040?
CVE-2025-23040 has a CVSS v3 base score of 6.6 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-23040?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-23040 names the fix: "Users should update to GitHub Desktop 3.4.12 or greater which fixes this vulnerability."

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