CVE-2025-21959

MEDIUMNVD 5.55.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 5.5 from GitHub Security Advisory published 2025-04-01. NVD baseline CVSS 5.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: epss, ghsa, nvd
Trending — 3 sources updated this week
5.5
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorLow exploitation likelihood right now — keep watching.
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 0%CVSS: 5.5Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

netfilter: nf_conncount: Fully initialize struct nf_conncount_tuple in insert_tree()

Since commit b36e4523d4d5 ("netfilter: nf_conncount: fix garbage collection confirm race"), cpu and jiffies32 were introduced to the struct nf_conncount_tuple.

The commit made nf_conncount_add() initialize conn->cpu and conn->jiffies32 when allocating the struct. In contrast, count_tree() was not changed to initialize them.

By commit 34848d5c896e ("netfilter: nf_conncount: Split insert and traversal"), count_tree() was split and the relevant allocation code now resides in insert_tree(). Initialize conn->cpu and conn->jiffies32 in insert_tree().

BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in find_or_evict net/netfilter/nf_conncount.c:117 [inline] BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in __nf_conncount_add+0xd9c/0x2850 net/netfilter/nf_conncount.c:143 find_or_evict net/netfilter/nf_conncount.c:117 [inline] __nf_conncount_add+0xd9c/0x2850 net/netfilter/nf_conncount.c:143 count_tree net/netfilter/nf_conncount.c:438 [inline] nf_conncount_count+0x82f/0x1e80 net/netfilter/nf_conncount.c:521 connlimit_mt+0x7f6/0xbd0 net/netfilter/xt_connlimit.c:72 __nft_match_eval net/netfilter/nft_compat.c:403 [inline] nft_match_eval+0x1a5/0x300 net/netfilter/nft_compat.c:433 expr_call_ops_eval net/netfilter/nf_tables_core.c:240 [inline] nft_do_chain+0x426/0x2290 net/netfilter/nf_tables_core.c:288 nft_do_chain_ipv4+0x1a5/0x230 net/netfilter/nft_chain_filter.c:23 nf_hook_entry_hookfn include/linux/netfilter.h:154 [inline] nf_hook_slow+0xf4/0x400 net/netfilter/core.c:626 nf_hook_slow_list+0x24d/0x860 net/netfilter/core.c:663 NF_HOOK_LIST include/linux/netfilter.h:350 [inline] ip_sublist_rcv+0x17b7/0x17f0 net/ipv4/ip_input.c:633 ip_list_rcv+0x9ef/0xa40 net/ipv4/ip_input.c:669 __netif_receive_skb_list_ptype net/core/dev.c:5936 [inline] __netif_receive_skb_list_core+0x15c5/0x1670 net/core/dev.c:5983 __netif_receive_skb_list net/core/dev.c:6035 [inline] netif_receive_skb_list_internal+0x1085/0x1700 net/core/dev.c:6126 netif_receive_skb_list+0x5a/0x460 net/core/dev.c:6178 xdp_recv_frames net/bpf/test_run.c:280 [inline] xdp_test_run_batch net/bpf/test_run.c:361 [inline] bpf_test_run_xdp_live+0x2e86/0x3480 net/bpf/test_run.c:390 bpf_prog_test_run_xdp+0xf1d/0x1ae0 net/bpf/test_run.c:1316 bpf_prog_test_run+0x5e5/0xa30 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:4407 __sys_bpf+0x6aa/0xd90 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5813 __do_sys_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5902 [inline] __se_sys_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5900 [inline] __ia32_sys_bpf+0xa0/0xe0 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5900 ia32_sys_call+0x394d/0x4180 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_32.h:358 do_syscall_32_irqs_on arch/x86/entry/common.c:165 [inline] __do_fast_syscall_32+0xb0/0x110 arch/x86/entry/common.c:387 do_fast_syscall_32+0x38/0x80 arch/x86/entry/common.c:412 do_SYSENTER_32+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/common.c:450 entry_SYSENTER_compat_after_hwframe+0x84/0x8e

Uninit was created at: slab_post_alloc_hook mm/slub.c:4121 [inline] slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:4164 [inline] kmem_cache_alloc_noprof+0x915/0xe10 mm/slub.c:4171 insert_tree net/netfilter/nf_conncount.c:372 [inline] count_tree net/netfilter/nf_conncount.c:450 [inline] nf_conncount_count+0x1415/0x1e80 net/netfilter/nf_conncount.c:521 connlimit_mt+0x7f6/0xbd0 net/netfilter/xt_connlimit.c:72 __nft_match_eval net/netfilter/nft_compat.c:403 [inline] nft_match_eval+0x1a5/0x300 net/netfilter/nft_compat.c:433 expr_call_ops_eval net/netfilter/nf_tables_core.c:240 [inline] nft_do_chain+0x426/0x2290 net/netfilter/nf_tables_core.c:288 nft_do_chain_ipv4+0x1a5/0x230 net/netfilter/nft_chain_filter.c:23 nf_hook_entry_hookfn include/linux/netfilter.h:154 [inline] nf_hook_slow+0xf4/0x400 net/netfilter/core.c:626 nf_hook_slow_list+0x24d/0x860 net/netfilter/core.c:663 NF_HOOK_LIST include/linux/netfilter.h:350 [inline] ip_sublist_rcv+0x17b7/0x17f0 net/ipv4/ip_input.c:633 ip_list_rcv+0x9ef/0xa40 net/ip ---truncated---

CVSS v3
5.5
EG Score
5.5(medium)
EG Risk
25(Track)
EG Risk 25/100SSVC: Track

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity55% × 45%
Exploitation0% × 40%
Automatability0% × 15%
Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence.
EPSS
10.1%
KEV
Not listed

Published

April 1, 2025

Last Modified

July 14, 2026

Advisory Details (10)

Auto-updated Jul 17, 2026
Patch available.
generic Patch Available

[SECURITY] [DLA 4193-1] linux-6.1 security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html
generic Patch Available

[SECURITY] [DLA 4178-1] linux security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html
generic

netfilter: nf_conncount: Fully initialize struct nf_conncount_tuple in insert_tree() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fda50302a13701d47fbe01e1739c7a51114144fb
generic

netfilter: nf_conncount: Fully initialize struct nf_conncount_tuple in insert_tree() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f522229c5563b59b4240261e406779bba6754159
generic

netfilter: nf_conncount: Fully initialize struct nf_conncount_tuple in insert_tree() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e8544a5a97bee3674e7cd6bf0f3a4af517fa9146
generic

netfilter: nf_conncount: Fully initialize struct nf_conncount_tuple in insert_tree() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/db1e0c0856821c59a32ea3af79476bf20a6beeb2
generic

netfilter: nf_conncount: Fully initialize struct nf_conncount_tuple in insert_tree() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d653bfeb07ebb3499c403404c21ac58a16531607
generic

netfilter: nf_conncount: Fully initialize struct nf_conncount_tuple in insert_tree() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a62a25c6ad58fae997f48a0749afeda1c252ae51
generic

netfilter: nf_conncount: Fully initialize struct nf_conncount_tuple in insert_tree() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2db5baaf047a7c8d6ed5e2cc657b7854e155b7fc
generic

netfilter: nf_conncount: Fully initialize struct nf_conncount_tuple in insert_tree() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2a154ce766b995494e88d8d117fa82cc6b73dd87

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-21959(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(31)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulinux-xilinx-zynqmp-tools-host (5.15.0-1050.54) @ jammy2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-fips (5.4.0.1150.92) @ focal2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-18.04-edge (5.4.0.218.238~18.04.1) @ bionic2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-20.04-edge (5.15.0.142.152~20.04.1) @ focal2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-bluefield (5.4.0.1106.102) @ focal2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-fips (5.4.0.1121.118) @ focal2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-aws-lts-22.04 (5.15.0.1086.89) @ jammy2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oem-24.04b (6.11.0-1024.24) @ noble2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-iot (5.4.0.1051.49) @ focal2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-intel-iotg (5.15.0.1081.81) @ jammy2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-fips (5.15.0.1085.75) @ jammy2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-edge (5.15.0.1091.100~20.04.1) @ focal2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-edge (5.4.0.1152.159~18.04.1) @ bionic2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-lowlatency-64k (6.11.0-1015.16) @ oracular2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8 (6.8.0-1039.42.1) @ noble2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-ibm-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1037.37) @ noble2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime-hwe-22.04 (6.8.1-1034.35~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-edge (5.4.0.1145.155~18.04.1) @ bionic2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime (5.15.0.1086.90) @ jammy2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-20.04-edge (5.15.0.142.137) @ jammy2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-edge (5.15.0.1083.89~20.04.1) @ focal2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-24.04-edge (6.11.0-28.28) @ oracular2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fips (5.15.0.1091.76) @ jammy2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-lts-22.04 (5.15.0.1091.89) @ jammy2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-6.11 (6.11.0-1018.18) @ oracular2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi2-hwe-18.04-edge (5.4.0.1130.161) @ focal2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-intel-iotg-edge (5.15.0.1083.89~20.04.1) @ focal2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi-nolpae (5.15.0.1080.78) @ jammy2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-6.8 (6.8.0-84.84) @ noble2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-edge (6.8.0-1040.42~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-05-30ubuntu
linuxKernel @ 5.4.292osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

All Vendor Advisories

(25)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 13× in last 7d / 44× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-07-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-24 10:41 UTCOSV refresh
  3. 2026-07-23 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-23 02:50 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-20 17:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-07-18 10:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-07-16 17:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-07-13 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-07-13 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-07-13 06:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-07-13 06:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-07-12 05:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-07-12 05:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-07-11 08:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-07-11 08:26 UTCEPSS rescore
Show 69 more
  1. 2026-07-09 19:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-08 15:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-07 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-07 05:51 UTCOSV refresh
  5. 2026-07-06 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-07-06 02:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-07-06 02:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-05 02:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-07-04 06:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-07-01 15:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-06-29 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-06-28 04:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-06-28 04:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-06-27 03:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-06-27 03:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-06-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-06-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-06-23 21:32 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-06-23 21:32 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-06-22 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-22 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-06-21 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-06-21 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-06-21 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-06-21 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-06-19 19:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-06-19 19:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-06-18 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  33. 2026-06-18 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-06-18 17:05 UTCOSV refresh
  35. 2026-06-17 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-06-16 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-06-16 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-06-15 17:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-06-14 23:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-06-13 22:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-06-12 23:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-06-11 13:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-06-10 22:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-06-10 13:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-06-07 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-06-07 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-06-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-06-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-06-05 06:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-06-05 06:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  55. 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  56. 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  58. 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-06-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-06-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  61. 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  63. 2026-05-31 00:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  64. 2026-05-31 00:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  65. 2026-05-30 08:23 UTCEG score recompute
  66. 2026-05-30 08:23 UTCVendor advisory
  67. 2026-05-30 08:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
  68. 2026-05-30 08:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
  69. 2026-05-29 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-21959?
CVE-2025-21959 is a medium vulnerability published on April 1, 2025. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nfconncount: Fully initialize struct nfconncounttuple in inserttree() Since commit b36e4523d4d5 ("netfilter: nf_conncount: fix garbage collection confirm race"), cpu and jiffies32 were introduced to the struct…
When was CVE-2025-21959 disclosed?
CVE-2025-21959 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on April 1, 2025, with the most recent update on July 14, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-21959 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-21959 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 10.1% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-21959?
CVE-2025-21959 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-21959?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-21959, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

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