CVE-2025-21754

MEDIUMNVD 5.55.5—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 5.5 from GitHub Security Advisory published 2025-02-27. NVD baseline CVSS 5.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: epss, ghsa, nvd
5.5
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorLow exploitation likelihood right now — keep watching.
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 0%CVSS: 5.5Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

btrfs: fix assertion failure when splitting ordered extent after transaction abort

If while we are doing a direct IO write a transaction abort happens, we mark all existing ordered extents with the BTRFS_ORDERED_IOERR flag (done at btrfs_destroy_ordered_extents()), and then after that if we enter btrfs_split_ordered_extent() and the ordered extent has bytes left (meaning we have a bio that doesn't cover the whole ordered extent, see details at btrfs_extract_ordered_extent()), we will fail on the following assertion at btrfs_split_ordered_extent():

ASSERT(!(flags & ~BTRFS_ORDERED_TYPE_FLAGS));

because the BTRFS_ORDERED_IOERR flag is set and the definition of BTRFS_ORDERED_TYPE_FLAGS is just the union of all flags that identify the type of write (regular, nocow, prealloc, compressed, direct IO, encoded).

Fix this by returning an error from btrfs_extract_ordered_extent() if we find the BTRFS_ORDERED_IOERR flag in the ordered extent. The error will be the error that resulted in the transaction abort or -EIO if no transaction abort happened.

This was recently reported by syzbot with the following trace:

FAULT_INJECTION: forcing a failure. name failslab, interval 1, probability 0, space 0, times 1 CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 5321 Comm: syz.0.0 Not tainted 6.13.0-rc5-syzkaller #0 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2~bpo12+1 04/01/2014 Call Trace: __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0x241/0x360 lib/dump_stack.c:120 fail_dump lib/fault-inject.c:53 [inline] should_fail_ex+0x3b0/0x4e0 lib/fault-inject.c:154 should_failslab+0xac/0x100 mm/failslab.c:46 slab_pre_alloc_hook mm/slub.c:4072 [inline] slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:4148 [inline] __do_kmalloc_node mm/slub.c:4297 [inline] __kmalloc_noprof+0xdd/0x4c0 mm/slub.c:4310 kmalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:905 [inline] kzalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:1037 [inline] btrfs_chunk_alloc_add_chunk_item+0x244/0x1100 fs/btrfs/volumes.c:5742 reserve_chunk_space+0x1ca/0x2c0 fs/btrfs/block-group.c:4292 check_system_chunk fs/btrfs/block-group.c:4319 [inline] do_chunk_alloc fs/btrfs/block-group.c:3891 [inline] btrfs_chunk_alloc+0x77b/0xf80 fs/btrfs/block-group.c:4187 find_free_extent_update_loop fs/btrfs/extent-tree.c:4166 [inline] find_free_extent+0x42d1/0x5810 fs/btrfs/extent-tree.c:4579 btrfs_reserve_extent+0x422/0x810 fs/btrfs/extent-tree.c:4672 btrfs_new_extent_direct fs/btrfs/direct-io.c:186 [inline] btrfs_get_blocks_direct_write+0x706/0xfa0 fs/btrfs/direct-io.c:321 btrfs_dio_iomap_begin+0xbb7/0x1180 fs/btrfs/direct-io.c:525 iomap_iter+0x697/0xf60 fs/iomap/iter.c:90 __iomap_dio_rw+0xeb9/0x25b0 fs/iomap/direct-io.c:702 btrfs_dio_write fs/btrfs/direct-io.c:775 [inline] btrfs_direct_write+0x610/0xa30 fs/btrfs/direct-io.c:880 btrfs_do_write_iter+0x2a0/0x760 fs/btrfs/file.c:1397 do_iter_readv_writev+0x600/0x880 vfs_writev+0x376/0xba0 fs/read_write.c:1050 do_pwritev fs/read_write.c:1146 [inline] __do_sys_pwritev2 fs/read_write.c:1204 [inline] __se_sys_pwritev2+0x196/0x2b0 fs/read_write.c:1195 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xf3/0x230 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f1281f85d29 RSP: 002b:00007f12819fe038 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000148 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f1282176080 RCX: 00007f1281f85d29 RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 0000000020000240 RDI: 0000000000000005 RBP: 00007f12819fe090 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000003 R10: 0000000000007000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000002 R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 00007f1282176080 R15: 00007ffcb9e23328 BTRFS error (device loop0 state A): Transaction aborted (error -12) BTRFS: error (device loop0 state A ---truncated---

CVSS v3
5.5
EG Score
5.5(medium)
EG Risk
29(Track)
EG Risk 29/100SSVC: Track

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity55% × 45%
Exploitation0% × 40%
Automatability30% × 15%
Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence.
EPSS
12.6%
KEV
Not listed

Published

February 27, 2025

Last Modified

October 28, 2025

References (4)

Patch Availability(12)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-24.04-edge (6.11.0-26.26) @ oracular2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-22.04-edge (6.8.0-64.67~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-6.8 (6.8.0-64.67) @ noble2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-aws (6.11.0-1014.15) @ oracular2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-lowlatency-hwe-24.04-edge (6.11.0-1014.15~24.04.1) @ noble2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime-6.8.1 (6.8.1-1025.26) @ noble2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-lowlatency-hwe-20.04-edge (6.8.0-64.67.1) @ noble2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi-realtime-6.8 (6.8.0-2026.27) @ noble2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi-6.8 (6.8.0-1031.35) @ noble2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-nvidia-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1022.23) @ noble2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1029.30) @ noble2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1033.35) @ noble2026-05-30ubuntu

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

All Vendor Advisories

(12)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 11× in last 7d / 46× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-07-23 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-23 02:50 UTCEG score recompute
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  60. 2026-05-30 10:33 UTCVendor advisory
  61. 2026-05-30 10:33 UTCGHSA enrichment
  62. 2026-05-29 17:20 UTCOSV refresh
  63. 2026-05-29 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore

Related CVEs(same vendor + same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-21754?
CVE-2025-21754 is a medium vulnerability published on February 27, 2025. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: btrfs: fix assertion failure when splitting ordered extent after transaction abort If while we are doing a direct IO write a transaction abort happens, we mark all existing ordered extents with the BTRFSORDEREDIOERR flag (done at…
When was CVE-2025-21754 disclosed?
CVE-2025-21754 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on February 27, 2025, with the most recent update on October 28, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-21754 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-21754 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 12.6% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-21754?
CVE-2025-21754 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-21754?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-21754, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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