CVE-2025-21676

MEDIUMNVD 5.55.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 5.5 from GitHub Security Advisory published 2025-01-31. NVD baseline CVSS 5.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3

Also known asEUVD-2025-2625 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-2cvp-cxm8-hg6v (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

5.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.4%CVSS: 5.5Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net: fec: handle page_pool_dev_alloc_pages error

The fec_enet_update_cbd function calls page_pool_dev_alloc_pages but did not handle the case when it returned NULL. There was a WARN_ON(!new_page) but it would still proceed to use the NULL pointer and then crash.

This case does seem somewhat rare but when the system is under memory pressure it can happen. One case where I can duplicate this with some frequency is when writing over a smbd share to a SATA HDD attached to an imx6q.

Setting /proc/sys/vm/min_free_kbytes to higher values also seems to solve the problem for my test case. But it still seems wrong that the fec driver ignores the memory allocation error and can crash.

This commit handles the allocation error by dropping the current packet.

CVSS v3
5.5
EG Score
5.5MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
25
EG Risk 25/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity55% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 5.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.4% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.4%
EPSS %ILE
39th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (5.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 5.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
5.5 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.4% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-25). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

January 31, 2025

Last Modified

October 15, 2026

Advisory Details (6)

Auto-updated Jul 17, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

net: fec: handle page_pool_dev_alloc_pages error - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eacdcc14f3c8d4c1447565521e792ddb3a67e08d
Web page

net: fec: handle page_pool_dev_alloc_pages error - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8a0097db0544b658c159ac787319737712063a23
Web page

net: fec: handle page_pool_dev_alloc_pages error - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1425cb829556398f594658512d49292f988a2ab0
Web page

net: fec: handle page_pool_dev_alloc_pages error - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/001ba0902046cb6c352494df610718c0763e77a5

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-21676(2)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(11)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi-realtime (6.8.0-2024.25) @ noble2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1030.35) @ noble2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual (6.8.0-62.65) @ noble2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-24.04-edge (6.11.0-24.24+1) @ oracular2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi (6.8.0-1029.33) @ noble2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-22.04-edge (6.8.0-64.67~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure (6.11.0-1013.13) @ oracular2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime (6.8.1-1023.24) @ noble2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-nvidia (6.8.0-1018.19) @ noble2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1031.33) @ noble2026-10-15ubuntu
linuxKernel @ 6.1.167 (fixes >=6.1.0)—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux-6.16.1.106-3~deb11u1 ... 6.1.164-1~deb11u1 (16 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.170-1~deb11u1: fixed in 6.1.170-1~deb11u1
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.1.106-1 ... 6.1.99-1 (48 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.170-1: fixed in 6.1.170-1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux—
  • every version up to 6.12.11-1: fixed in 6.12.11-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux—
  • every version up to 6.12.11-1: fixed in 6.12.11-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(10)

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 41× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 96 of 208 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 4 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 112 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-02 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 39th percentile
  2. 2026-11-01 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 39th percentile
  3. 2026-10-31 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 39th percentile
  4. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 39th percentile
  5. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  6. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  7. 2026-10-27 17:25 UTCOSV refresh
  8. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  9. 2026-10-26 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  10. 2026-10-25 16:43 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  12. 2026-10-24 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  13. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  14. 2026-10-22 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  15. 2026-10-21 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  16. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  17. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  18. 2026-10-18 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  19. 2026-10-18 05:46 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-17 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  21. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  22. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  23. 2026-10-15 02:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2cvp-cxm8-hg6v · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  24. 2026-10-15 02:02 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-15 02:02 UTCVendor advisory
Show 71 more
  1. 2026-10-15 02:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2cvp-cxm8-hg6v · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  2. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  3. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  4. 2026-10-12 17:19 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  6. 2026-10-11 20:51 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-11 19:01 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-11 15:41 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  10. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  11. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  12. 2026-10-08 17:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  13. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  14. 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  15. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  16. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  17. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  18. 2026-10-02 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  19. 2026-10-01 19:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  20. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  21. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  22. 2026-09-28 02:02 UTCOSV refresh
  23. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  24. 2026-09-26 00:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  25. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  26. 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  27. 2026-09-22 14:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  28. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  29. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  30. 2026-09-16 14:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  31. 2026-09-16 05:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  32. 2026-09-15 03:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  33. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  34. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  35. 2026-09-11 14:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  36. 2026-09-11 09:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  37. 2026-09-10 09:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  38. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  39. 2026-09-08 09:55 UTCEG score recompute
  40. 2026-09-08 09:55 UTCVendor advisory
  41. 2026-09-08 09:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2cvp-cxm8-hg6v · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  42. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  43. 2026-09-07 13:17 UTCOSV refresh
  44. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  45. 2026-09-05 15:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  46. 2026-09-04 05:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  47. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  48. 2026-09-01 13:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  49. 2026-09-01 04:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  50. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  51. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  52. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  53. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  54. 2026-08-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  55. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  56. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  57. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  58. 2026-08-20 22:31 UTCOSV refresh
  59. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  60. 2026-08-18 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  61. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  62. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  63. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  64. 2026-08-15 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  65. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  66. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  67. 2026-08-10 23:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  68. 2026-08-09 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  69. 2026-08-07 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  70. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  71. 2026-08-05 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-21676?
CVE-2025-21676 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on January 31, 2025. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: fec: handle page_pool_dev_alloc_pages error The fec_enet_update_cbd function calls page_pool_dev_alloc_pages but did not handle the case when it returned NULL. There was a WARN_ON(!new_page) but it would still proceed to use…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-21676 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-21676 was published on January 31, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 15, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-21676 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-21676 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.4% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (39th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-21676?
CVE-2025-21676 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-21676?
A fix for CVE-2025-21676 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-21676 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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