CVE-2025-21648

MEDIUMNVD 5.55.5—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 5.5 from GitHub Security Advisory published 2025-01-19. NVD baseline CVSS 5.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: epss, ghsa, nvd
5.5
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorLow exploitation likelihood right now — keep watching.
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 0%CVSS: 5.5Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

netfilter: conntrack: clamp maximum hashtable size to INT_MAX

Use INT_MAX as maximum size for the conntrack hashtable. Otherwise, it is possible to hit WARN_ON_ONCE in __kvmalloc_node_noprof() when resizing hashtable because __GFP_NOWARN is unset. See:

0708a0afe291 ("mm: Consider __GFP_NOWARN flag for oversized kvmalloc() calls")

Note: hashtable resize is only possible from init_netns.

CVSS v3
5.5
EG Score
5.5(medium)
EPSS
12.0%
KEV
Not listed

Published

January 19, 2025

Last Modified

July 14, 2026

Advisory Details (10)

Auto-updated Jul 17, 2026
Patch available.
generic

SSA-265688

https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html
generic

SSA-019113

https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html
generic Patch Available

[SECURITY] [DLA 4075-1] linux security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00002.html
generic Patch Available

[SECURITY] [DLA 4076-1] linux-6.1 security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00001.html
generic

netfilter: conntrack: clamp maximum hashtable size to INT_MAX - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f559357d035877b9d0dcd273e0ff83e18e1d46aa
generic

netfilter: conntrack: clamp maximum hashtable size to INT_MAX - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d5807dd1328bbc86e059c5de80d1bbee9d58ca3d
generic

netfilter: conntrack: clamp maximum hashtable size to INT_MAX - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b541ba7d1f5a5b7b3e2e22dc9e40e18a7d6dbc13
generic

netfilter: conntrack: clamp maximum hashtable size to INT_MAX - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b1b2353d768f1b80cd7fe045a70adee576b9b338
generic

netfilter: conntrack: clamp maximum hashtable size to INT_MAX - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a965f7f0ea3ae61b9165bed619d5d6da02c75f80
generic

netfilter: conntrack: clamp maximum hashtable size to INT_MAX - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5552b4fd44be3393b930434a7845d8d95a2a3c33

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-21648(3)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(29)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulinux-tools-aws-edge (5.15.0.1080.87~20.04.1) @ focal2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi (6.11.0-1010.10) @ oracular2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-xilinx-zynqmp-tools-host (5.15.0-1044.48) @ jammy2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-fips (5.15.0.1079.69) @ jammy2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fde-edge (5.15.0.1086.95~20.04.1.61) @ focal2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-20.04-edge (5.15.0.136.147~20.04.1) @ focal2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-24.04-edge (6.11.0-21.21) @ oracular2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oem-24.04b (6.11.0-1017.17) @ noble2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-lowlatency-hwe-24.04-edge (6.11.0-1011.12~24.04.1) @ noble2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-lowlatency-64k (6.11.0-1011.12) @ oracular2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-tegra-rt (5.15.0.1033.33) @ jammy2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-20.04-edge (5.15.0.135.133) @ jammy2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-ibm-edge (5.15.0.1074.77~20.04.1) @ focal2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-intel-iotg-edge (5.15.0.1077.83~20.04.1) @ focal2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime (6.8.1-1022.23) @ noble2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual (6.8.0-60.63) @ noble2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gke (6.8.0-1025.29) @ noble2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gkeop-6.8 (6.8.0-1012.14) @ noble2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-edge (5.15.0.1081.90~20.04.1) @ focal2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-lowlatency-64k (6.8.0-1028.31.1) @ noble2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-nvidia (6.8.0-1016.17) @ noble2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oem-24.04a (6.8.0-1028.28) @ noble2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-edge (6.8.0-1026.27~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi (6.8.0-1028.32) @ noble2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-22.04-edge (6.8.0-60.63~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime (5.15.0.1080.83) @ jammy2026-05-21ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi-realtime (6.8.0-2023.24) @ noble2026-05-21ubuntu
redhatkernel-0:5.14.0-611.5.1.el9_72025-11-11redhat
linuxKernel @ 5.10.234—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(24)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 48× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 127 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-20 17:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
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  7. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
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  11. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-07-14 13:19 UTCNVD updateCVSS v3 → 5.5 · severity → MEDIUM
  15. 2026-07-14 13:11 UTCMITRE cvelistV5
  16. 2026-07-13 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-07-13 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-07-13 06:12 UTCEPSS rescore
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  20. 2026-07-12 05:46 UTCEPSS rescore
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  22. 2026-07-11 08:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-07-11 08:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-07-10 19:52 UTCOSV refresh
  25. 2026-07-09 19:09 UTCEPSS rescore
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  1. 2026-07-08 15:14 UTCEPSS rescore
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  4. 2026-07-06 02:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-07-06 02:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-07-05 02:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-07-04 06:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-01 15:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-06-30 23:21 UTCEPSS rescore
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  11. 2026-06-29 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
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  14. 2026-06-28 04:55 UTCEPSS rescore
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  20. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-06-23 21:32 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-06-23 21:32 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-06-22 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-22 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-06-22 03:56 UTCOSV refresh
  27. 2026-06-21 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-06-21 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-06-21 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-06-21 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-06-19 19:25 UTCEPSS rescore
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  33. 2026-06-18 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
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  35. 2026-06-17 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-06-16 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
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  38. 2026-06-15 17:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-06-14 23:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-06-13 22:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-06-12 23:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-06-11 13:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-06-10 22:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-06-10 13:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-06-07 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-06-07 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-06-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-06-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
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  53. 2026-06-05 06:10 UTCEPSS rescore
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  55. 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  56. 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-06-03 22:39 UTCOSV refresh
  58. 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-06-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
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  62. 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
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  64. 2026-05-31 00:16 UTCEPSS rescore
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  66. 2026-05-29 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
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Related CVEs(same product + same vendor)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-21648?
CVE-2025-21648 is a medium vulnerability published on January 19, 2025. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: conntrack: clamp maximum hashtable size to INT_MAX Use INT_MAX as maximum size for the conntrack hashtable. Otherwise, it is possible to hit WARNONONCE in kvmallocnodenoprof() when resizing hashtable because GFP_NOWARN…
When was CVE-2025-21648 disclosed?
CVE-2025-21648 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on January 19, 2025, with the most recent update on July 14, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-21648 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-21648 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 12.0% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-21648?
CVE-2025-21648 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-21648?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-21648, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

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