CVE-2025-21607

HIGHNVD 7.57.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This high-severity CVE scores 7.5 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.7% (52nd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekElevated

Also known asEUVD-2025-0067 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-vgf2-gvx8-xwc3 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

7.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.7%CVSS: 7.5Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Vyper is a Pythonic Smart Contract Language for the EVM. When the Vyper Compiler uses the precompiles EcRecover (0x1) and Identity (0x4), the success flag of the call is not checked. As a consequence an attacker can provide a specific amount of gas to make these calls fail but let the overall execution continue. Then the execution result can be incorrect. Based on EVM's rules, after the failed precompile the remaining code has only 1/64 of the pre-call-gas left (as 63/64 were forwarded and spent). Hence, only fairly simple executions can follow the failed precompile calls. Therefore, we found no significantly impacted real-world contracts. None the less an advisory has been made out of an abundance of caution. This issue is fixed in 0.4.1.

CVSS v3
7.5
EG Score
7.5HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
50
EG Risk 50/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity75% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.7%
EPSS %ILE
52nd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.5 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.7% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-27). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

January 14, 2025

Last Modified

April 24, 2025

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Oct 19, 2026
🔬 Proof of concept available. Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github_pr, github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)🟡 PoC Available

Success of Certain Precompile Calls not Checked · Advisory · vyperlang/vyper · GitHub

https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/security/advisories/GHSA-vgf2-gvx8-xwc3
GitHub pull request

fix[codegen]: fix assertions for certain precompiles

Fix merged in vyperlang/vyper PR #4451 on 2025-01-20 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/pull/4451
GitHub commit

commit 7136eab0a254 (vyperlang/vyper)

Fix landed in vyperlang/vyper commit 7136eab0a254 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/commit/7136eab0a254aa2ff7ddca41cc05f2ee1fa99caf

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
pipvyper—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
PyPI(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
vyper0.1.0b1 ... 0.4.1rc3 (69 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
  • every version up to 0.4.1: fixed in 0.4.1
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 9× in last 7d / 39× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 96 of 198 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 4 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 102 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-01 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  2. 2026-10-31 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  3. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  4. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  5. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  6. 2026-10-27 18:32 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-27 18:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-vgf2-gvx8-xwc3 · GitHub severity LOW
  8. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  9. 2026-10-26 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  10. 2026-10-25 16:43 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  12. 2026-10-24 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  13. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  14. 2026-10-22 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  15. 2026-10-21 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  16. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
  17. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
  18. 2026-10-19 00:49 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-19 00:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-vgf2-gvx8-xwc3 · GitHub severity LOW
  20. 2026-10-18 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
  21. 2026-10-18 05:46 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-17 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
  23. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
  24. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
  25. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
Show 71 more
  1. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  2. 2026-10-12 17:19 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  4. 2026-10-11 20:51 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-11 19:01 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-11 15:41 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  8. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  9. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  10. 2026-10-08 17:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  11. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  12. 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  13. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  14. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  15. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  16. 2026-10-03 01:55 UTCOSV refresh
  17. 2026-10-02 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  18. 2026-10-01 19:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  19. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  20. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  21. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  22. 2026-09-26 00:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  23. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  24. 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  25. 2026-09-22 14:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  26. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  27. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  28. 2026-09-16 14:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  29. 2026-09-16 05:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  30. 2026-09-15 03:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  31. 2026-09-13 23:20 UTCOSV refresh
  32. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  33. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  34. 2026-09-11 14:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  35. 2026-09-11 09:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  36. 2026-09-10 09:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  37. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  38. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  39. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  40. 2026-09-05 15:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 48th percentile
  41. 2026-09-04 05:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 48th percentile
  42. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 48th percentile
  43. 2026-09-01 13:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 48th percentile
  44. 2026-09-01 04:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 48th percentile
  45. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 48th percentile
  46. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 48th percentile
  47. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 48th percentile
  48. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 48th percentile
  49. 2026-08-26 00:40 UTCOSV refresh
  50. 2026-08-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 48th percentile
  51. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 48th percentile
  52. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 48th percentile
  53. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 48th percentile
  54. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 48th percentile
  55. 2026-08-18 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 48th percentile
  56. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 48th percentile
  57. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 48th percentile
  58. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 48th percentile
  59. 2026-08-15 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 48th percentile
  60. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 48th percentile
  61. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 48th percentile
  62. 2026-08-10 23:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 47th percentile
  63. 2026-08-09 17:10 UTCOSV refresh
  64. 2026-08-09 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 47th percentile
  65. 2026-08-07 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 47th percentile
  66. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 47th percentile
  67. 2026-08-05 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 47th percentile
  68. 2026-08-04 15:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 47th percentile
  69. 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 47th percentile
  70. 2026-08-03 10:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 47th percentile
  71. 2026-08-02 02:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 47th percentile

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-21607?
CVE-2025-21607 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on January 14, 2025. Vyper is a Pythonic Smart Contract Language for the EVM. When the Vyper Compiler uses the precompiles EcRecover (0x1) and Identity (0x4), the success flag of the call is not checked. As a consequence an attacker can provide a specific amount of gas to make these calls fail but let the overall…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-21607 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-21607 was published on January 14, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of April 24, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-21607 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-21607 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.7% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (52nd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-21607?
CVE-2025-21607 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-21607?
A fix for CVE-2025-21607 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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