CVE-2024-48991

HIGHNVD 7.87.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 7.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2024-11-19. NVD baseline CVSS 7.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 4 sources updated this week

Also known asEUVD-2024-43194 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-4696-66c4-2gvx (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

7.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 6.1%CVSS: 7.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Qualys discovered that needrestart, before version 3.8, allows local attackers to execute arbitrary code as root by winning a race condition and tricking needrestart into running their own, fake Python interpreter (instead of the system's real Python interpreter). The initial security fix (6ce6136) introduced a regression which was subsequently resolved (42af5d3).

CVSS v3
7.8
EG Score
7.8HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
38
EG Risk 38/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity78% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation6.1% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
6.1%
EPSS %ILE
93rd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
6.1% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-27). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

November 19, 2024

Last Modified

November 3, 2025

Advisory Details (8)

Auto-updated Sep 30, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit.
Web page

oss-security - Local Privilege Escalations in needrestart

https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/11/19/1
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

[SECURITY] [DLA 3957-1] needrestart security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/11/msg00014.html
Web page

oss-security - Re: Local Privilege Escalations in needrestart

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/11/30/4
Web page

Full Disclosure: Re: Local Privilege Escalations in needrestart

http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Nov/17
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit 6ce6136cccc3 (liske/needrestart)

Patch available: liske/needrestart v3.8 (contains commit 6ce6136cccc3)

https://github.com/liske/needrestart/commit/6ce6136cccc307c6b8a0f8cae12f9a22ac2aad59
GitHub commit

commit 42af5d328901 (liske/needrestart)

Fix landed in liske/needrestart commit 42af5d328901 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/liske/needrestart/commit/42af5d328901287a4f79d1f5861ac827a53fd56d

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntuneedrestart (3.5-5ubuntu2.2) @ jammy2026-10-27ubuntu

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
needrestart3.5-4, 3.5-4+deb11u1, 3.5-4+deb11u2, 3.5-4+deb11u3
  • every version up to 3.5-4+deb11u4: fixed in 3.5-4+deb11u4
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
needrestart3.6-4, 3.6-4+deb12u1
  • every version up to 3.6-4+deb12u2: fixed in 3.6-4+deb12u2
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
needrestart—
  • every version up to 3.7-3.1: fixed in 3.7-3.1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
needrestart—
  • every version up to 3.7-3.1: fixed in 3.7-3.1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

All Vendor Advisories

(1)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 9× in last 7d / 41× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 94 of 212 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 6 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 118 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-01 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  2. 2026-10-31 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  3. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  4. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  5. 2026-10-28 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  6. 2026-10-27 18:08 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-27 18:08 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-10-27 18:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4696-66c4-2gvx · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  9. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  10. 2026-10-26 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  11. 2026-10-25 17:00 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-25 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  13. 2026-10-24 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  14. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  15. 2026-10-22 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  16. 2026-10-21 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  17. 2026-10-20 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  18. 2026-10-19 19:21 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-19 19:21 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-10-19 19:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4696-66c4-2gvx · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  21. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  22. 2026-10-18 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  23. 2026-10-18 06:56 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-17 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.0% · 93rd percentile
  25. 2026-10-16 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.0% · 93rd percentile
Show 69 more
  1. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.0% · 93rd percentile
  2. 2026-10-14 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.0% · 93rd percentile
  3. 2026-10-13 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.0% · 93rd percentile
  4. 2026-10-12 17:42 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-12 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.0% · 93rd percentile
  6. 2026-10-11 21:08 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-11 16:00 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-11 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.0% · 93rd percentile
  9. 2026-10-10 19:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.0% · 93rd percentile
  10. 2026-10-10 08:03 UTCOSV refresh
  11. 2026-10-09 20:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.0% · 93rd percentile
  12. 2026-10-08 17:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.0% · 93rd percentile
  13. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.0% · 93rd percentile
  14. 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.0% · 93rd percentile
  15. 2026-10-05 17:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.0% · 93rd percentile
  16. 2026-10-04 23:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.0% · 93rd percentile
  17. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.0% · 93rd percentile
  18. 2026-10-01 19:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  19. 2026-09-30 19:55 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  21. 2026-09-29 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  22. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  23. 2026-09-27 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  24. 2026-09-26 15:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  25. 2026-09-24 14:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  26. 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  27. 2026-09-22 14:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  28. 2026-09-20 20:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  29. 2026-09-20 17:44 UTCOSV refresh
  30. 2026-09-19 15:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  31. 2026-09-18 19:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  32. 2026-09-17 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  33. 2026-09-16 14:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 93rd percentile
  34. 2026-09-16 05:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 92nd percentile
  35. 2026-09-15 03:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 92nd percentile
  36. 2026-09-13 16:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 92nd percentile
  37. 2026-09-12 14:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 92nd percentile
  38. 2026-09-11 14:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 92nd percentile
  39. 2026-09-11 09:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 92nd percentile
  40. 2026-09-10 09:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 92nd percentile
  41. 2026-09-08 21:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 92nd percentile
  42. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 92nd percentile
  43. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 92nd percentile
  44. 2026-09-04 13:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 92nd percentile
  45. 2026-09-04 05:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 92nd percentile
  46. 2026-09-02 14:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 92nd percentile
  47. 2026-09-01 17:33 UTCOSV refresh
  48. 2026-09-01 13:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 92nd percentile
  49. 2026-09-01 04:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 92nd percentile
  50. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 92nd percentile
  51. 2026-08-30 01:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 92nd percentile
  52. 2026-08-28 21:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 92nd percentile
  53. 2026-08-27 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 92nd percentile
  54. 2026-08-26 14:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.1% · 92nd percentile
  55. 2026-08-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 5.2% · 91st percentile
  56. 2026-08-24 14:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 5.2% · 91st percentile
  57. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 5.2% · 91st percentile
  58. 2026-08-21 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 5.2% · 91st percentile
  59. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 5.2% · 91st percentile
  60. 2026-08-19 17:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 5.2% · 91st percentile
  61. 2026-08-18 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 5.2% · 91st percentile
  62. 2026-08-17 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 5.2% · 91st percentile
  63. 2026-08-16 14:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 5.3% · 91st percentile
  64. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 5.3% · 91st percentile
  65. 2026-08-15 19:07 UTCOSV refresh
  66. 2026-08-15 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 5.3% · 91st percentile
  67. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 5.3% · 91st percentile
  68. 2026-08-12 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 5.3% · 91st percentile
  69. 2026-08-11 13:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 5.3% · 91st percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2024-48991?
CVE-2024-48991 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on November 19, 2024. Qualys discovered that needrestart, before version 3.8, allows local attackers to execute arbitrary code as root by winning a race condition and tricking needrestart into running their own, fake Python interpreter (instead of the system's real Python interpreter). The initial security fix (6ce6136)…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2024-48991 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2024-48991 was published on November 19, 2024. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of November 3, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2024-48991 actively exploited?
CVE-2024-48991 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 6.1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (93rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2024-48991?
CVE-2024-48991 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2024-48991?
A fix for CVE-2024-48991 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

Dependency Blast Radius

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