CVE-2024-45040

MEDIUMNVD 5.95.9—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This medium-severity CVE scores 5.9 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.4%, top 65% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
Elevated
5.9
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorLow exploitation likelihood right now — keep watching.
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 0%CVSS: 5.9Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

gnark is a fast zk-SNARK library that offers a high-level API to design circuits. Prior to version 0.11.0, commitments to private witnesses in Groth16 as implemented break the zero-knowledge property. The vulnerability affects only Groth16 proofs with commitments. Notably, PLONK proofs are not affected. The vulnerability affects the zero-knowledge property of the proofs - in case the witness (secret or internal) values are small, then the attacker may be able to enumerate all possible choices to deduce the actual value. If the possible choices for the variables to be committed is large or there are many values committed, then it would be computationally infeasible to enumerate all valid choices. It doesn't affect the completeness/soundness of the proofs. The vulnerability has been fixed in version 0.11.0. The patch to fix the issue is to add additional randomized value to the list of committed value at proving time to mask the rest of the values which were committed. As a workaround, the user can manually commit to a randomized value.

CVSS v3
5.9
EG Score
5.9(medium)
EG Risk
43(Track)
EG Risk 43/100SSVC: Track

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity59% × 45%
Exploitation40% × 40%
Automatability0% × 15%
Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence.
EPSS
34.9%
KEV
Not listed

Published

September 6, 2024

Last Modified

September 20, 2024

References (3)

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Go(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
github.com/consensys/gnark—0.11.0—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 12× in last 7d / 46× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-07-23 02:40 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
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  46. 2026-06-07 21:50 UTCOSV refresh
  47. 2026-06-07 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
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  75. 2026-05-23 11:24 UTCEG score recompute

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2024-45040?
CVE-2024-45040 is a medium vulnerability published on September 6, 2024. gnark is a fast zk-SNARK library that offers a high-level API to design circuits. Prior to version 0.11.0, commitments to private witnesses in Groth16 as implemented break the zero-knowledge property. The vulnerability affects only Groth16 proofs with commitments. Notably, PLONK proofs are not…
When was CVE-2024-45040 disclosed?
CVE-2024-45040 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on September 6, 2024, with the most recent update on September 20, 2024. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2024-45040 actively exploited?
CVE-2024-45040 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 34.9% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2024-45040?
CVE-2024-45040 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.9 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2024-45040?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2024-45040, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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