CVE-2024-31225

HIGHNVD 8.38.3
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This high-severity CVE scores 8.3 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 1.3% (70th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3

Also known asEUVD-2024-29121 (ENISA EUVD)Source: ENISA EUVD

8.3EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan mitigationNo fix is confirmed yet: check the vendor's advisory for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 1.3%CVSS: 8.3Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

No fix is confirmed yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for the fix.

RIOT is a real-time multi-threading operating system that supports a range of devices that are typically 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit microcontrollers. The _on_rd_init() function does not implement a size check before copying data to the _result_buf static buffer. If an attacker can craft a long enough payload, they could cause a buffer overflow. If the unchecked input above is attacker-controlled and crosses a security boundary, the impact of the buffer overflow vulnerability could range from denial of service to arbitrary code execution. This issue has yet to be patched. Users are advised to add manual bounds checking.

CVSS v3
8.3
EG Score
8.3HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
38
EG Risk 38/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity83% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 8.3 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation1.3% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: No fix is confirmed yet. Check the vendor's advisory for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule.
EPSS PROB
1.3%
EPSS %ILE
70th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (8.3): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 8.3 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
8.3 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
1.3% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-27). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says. In the directive's words, “Fix on system upgrade” means that, “unless conditions change”, the vulnerability “should be remediated the next time the vulnerable asset receives a scheduled major upgrade or rebuild”: its timelines are “dynamic as facts change”, and a KEV listing shortens them.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

No fix is confirmed yet. Check the vendor's advisory for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says. In the directive's words, “Fix on system upgrade” means that, “unless conditions change”, the vulnerability “should be remediated the next time the vulnerable asset receives a scheduled major upgrade or rebuild”: its timelines are “dynamic as facts change”, and a KEV listing shortens them.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

May 1, 2024

Last Modified

September 4, 2025

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated Sep 6, 2026
No fix on record yet. Sources: github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Lack of size check and buffer overflow in RIOT /sys/net/application_layer/cord/lc/cord_lc.c · Advisory · RIOT-OS/RIOT · GitHub

https://github.com/RIOT-OS/RIOT/security/advisories/GHSA-2572-7q7c-3965
Web page

RIOT/sys/net/application_layer/cord/lc/cord_lc.c at master · RIOT-OS/RIOT · GitHub

https://github.com/RIOT-OS/RIOT/blob/master/sys/net/application_layer/cord/lc/cord_lc.c#L218
Web page

oss-security - HNS-2024-07 - HN Security Advisory - Multiple vulnerabilities in RIOT OS

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/05/07/3
Web page

Full Disclosure: HNS-2024-07 - HN Security Advisory - Multiple vulnerabilities in RIOT OS

http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/May/7

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 37× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 94 of 216 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 6 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 122 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-02 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 70th percentile
  2. 2026-11-01 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 70th percentile
  3. 2026-10-31 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 70th percentile
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  5. 2026-10-29 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 70th percentile
  6. 2026-10-28 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 70th percentile
  7. 2026-10-28 04:59 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-27 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 70th percentile
  9. 2026-10-26 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 70th percentile
  10. 2026-10-25 17:12 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-25 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 70th percentile
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  14. 2026-10-22 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 70th percentile
  15. 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 70th percentile
  16. 2026-10-20 20:03 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-20 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 70th percentile
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  19. 2026-10-18 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 70th percentile
  20. 2026-10-18 07:18 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-17 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 70th percentile
  22. 2026-10-16 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
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  25. 2026-10-13 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
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  1. 2026-10-12 17:56 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-12 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  3. 2026-10-11 21:20 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-11 16:14 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-11 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  6. 2026-10-11 11:14 UTCOSV refresh
  7. 2026-10-10 19:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  8. 2026-10-09 20:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  9. 2026-10-08 17:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  10. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  11. 2026-10-06 15:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  12. 2026-10-05 17:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  13. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  14. 2026-10-01 19:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  15. 2026-09-30 19:42 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-09-30 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  17. 2026-09-29 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  18. 2026-09-28 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  19. 2026-09-27 13:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  20. 2026-09-26 15:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
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  22. 2026-09-24 14:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
  23. 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
  24. 2026-09-22 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
  25. 2026-09-21 23:16 UTCOSV refresh
  26. 2026-09-20 20:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
  27. 2026-09-19 15:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
  28. 2026-09-18 19:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
  29. 2026-09-16 14:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
  30. 2026-09-15 03:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
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  36. 2026-09-07 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
  37. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
  38. 2026-09-05 15:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 67th percentile
  39. 2026-09-04 13:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
  40. 2026-09-04 05:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
  41. 2026-09-02 19:08 UTCOSV refresh
  42. 2026-09-02 14:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
  43. 2026-09-01 13:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
  44. 2026-08-30 19:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
  45. 2026-08-30 01:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 67th percentile
  46. 2026-08-28 21:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 67th percentile
  47. 2026-08-27 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
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  51. 2026-08-23 00:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
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  58. 2026-08-16 11:38 UTCOSV refresh
  59. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2024-31225?
CVE-2024-31225 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on May 1, 2024. RIOT is a real-time multi-threading operating system that supports a range of devices that are typically 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit microcontrollers. The _on_rd_init() function does not implement a size check before copying data to the _result_buf static buffer. If an attacker can craft a long enough…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2024-31225 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2024-31225 was published on May 1, 2024. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of September 4, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2024-31225 actively exploited?
CVE-2024-31225 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 1.3% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (70th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2024-31225?
CVE-2024-31225 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.3 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2024-31225?
No fix for CVE-2024-31225 is confirmed yet. Until one is published, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation — for example, keep it off the internet or limit it to trusted networks — and watch the vendor's advisory for the fix.

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