CVE-2023-54184

CRITICALPre-NVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2025-12-30. The CNA's CVSS baseline 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: the CNA's CVSS, EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory
Trending — 4 sources updated this week

Also known asEUVD-2023-60457 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-mhc4-7fcr-wrj3 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.6%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

scsi: target: iscsit: Free cmds before session free

Commands from recovery entries are freed after session has been closed. That leads to use-after-free at command free or NPE with such call trace:

Time2Retain timer expired for SID: 1, cleaning up iSCSI session. BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000140 RIP: 0010:sbitmap_queue_clear+0x3a/0xa0 Call Trace: target_release_cmd_kref+0xd1/0x1f0 [target_core_mod] transport_generic_free_cmd+0xd1/0x180 [target_core_mod] iscsit_free_cmd+0x53/0xd0 [iscsi_target_mod] iscsit_free_connection_recovery_entries+0x29d/0x320 [iscsi_target_mod] iscsit_close_session+0x13a/0x140 [iscsi_target_mod] iscsit_check_post_dataout+0x440/0x440 [iscsi_target_mod] call_timer_fn+0x24/0x140

Move cleanup of recovery enrties to before session freeing.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
44
EG Risk 44/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.6% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's BOD 26-04 default: no one has published Automatable for this CVE, and CISA treats it as “no” for a CVE not in KEV.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.6%
EPSS %ILE
47th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.6% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-31). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). Where an input reads “CISA's BOD 26-04 default”, no one has published it for this CVE, and CISA's implementation guidance says: “If “Automatable” and “Technical Impact” information items about a CVE ID are not available and the CVE ID is not in the KEV Catalog, CISA will treat its values as “no” and “total,” respectively, until CISA or a third party provides metadata about the CVE ID. CISA will always provide the Vulnrichment data for a CVE ID listed in the KEV Catalog.” Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

December 30, 2025

Last Modified

August 5, 2026

Advisory Details (6)

Auto-updated Oct 31, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

scsi: target: iscsit: Free cmds before session free - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d8990b5a4d065f38f35d69bcd627ec5a7f8330ca
Web page

scsi: target: iscsit: Free cmds before session free - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4ce221d295f53e6c6b835ab33181e735482c9aac
Web page

scsi: target: iscsit: Free cmds before session free - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a7a4def6c7046e090bb10c6d550fdeb487db98ba
Web page

scsi: target: iscsit: Free cmds before session free - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1911cca5916b6e106de7afa3ec0a38447158216c
Web page

scsi: target: iscsit: Free cmds before session free - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4621e24c9257c6379343bf0c11b473817cf7edcd
Web page

scsi: target: iscsit: Free cmds before session free - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/89f5055f9b0b57c7e7f02e32df95ef401f809b71

Patch Availability(3)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
redhatkernel-0:4.18.0-553.el8_102024-05-22redhat
redhatkernel-0:5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_42024-04-30redhat
linuxKernel @ 5.4.244 (fixes >=3.12.0)—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux5.10.103-1 ... 5.10.92-2 (33 versions)
  • every version up to 5.10.191-1: fixed in 5.10.191-1
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.1.27-1
  • every version up to 6.1.37-1: fixed in 6.1.37-1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux—
  • every version up to 6.3.7-1: fixed in 6.3.7-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux—
  • every version up to 6.3.7-1: fixed in 6.3.7-1
—

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 24× in last 7d / 88× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 97 of 297 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 3 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 200 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-01 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  2. 2026-11-01 11:32 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-11-01 11:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mhc4-7fcr-wrj3 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  4. 2026-10-31 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  5. 2026-10-31 09:35 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-31 09:35 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-10-31 09:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mhc4-7fcr-wrj3 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  8. 2026-10-30 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  9. 2026-10-30 07:37 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-30 07:37 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-10-30 07:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mhc4-7fcr-wrj3 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  12. 2026-10-29 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  13. 2026-10-29 05:39 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-29 05:39 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-10-29 05:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mhc4-7fcr-wrj3 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  16. 2026-10-28 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  17. 2026-10-28 03:42 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-28 03:42 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-10-28 03:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mhc4-7fcr-wrj3 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  20. 2026-10-27 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  21. 2026-10-27 01:31 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-27 01:31 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-10-27 01:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mhc4-7fcr-wrj3 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  24. 2026-10-26 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  25. 2026-10-25 19:38 UTCVendor advisory
Show 72 more
  1. 2026-10-25 19:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mhc4-7fcr-wrj3 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  2. 2026-10-25 17:27 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-25 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  4. 2026-10-24 17:36 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-24 17:36 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-10-24 17:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mhc4-7fcr-wrj3 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  7. 2026-10-24 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  8. 2026-10-23 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  9. 2026-10-23 15:37 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-23 15:37 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-10-23 15:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mhc4-7fcr-wrj3 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  12. 2026-10-22 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  13. 2026-10-22 13:39 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-22 13:39 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-10-22 13:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mhc4-7fcr-wrj3 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  16. 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  17. 2026-10-21 11:39 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-21 11:39 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-10-21 11:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mhc4-7fcr-wrj3 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  20. 2026-10-20 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  21. 2026-10-20 09:41 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-20 09:41 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-10-20 09:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mhc4-7fcr-wrj3 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  24. 2026-10-19 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  25. 2026-10-19 07:42 UTCEG score recompute
  26. 2026-10-19 07:42 UTCVendor advisory
  27. 2026-10-19 07:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mhc4-7fcr-wrj3 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  28. 2026-10-18 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  29. 2026-10-18 05:45 UTCEG score recompute
  30. 2026-10-18 05:45 UTCVendor advisory
  31. 2026-10-18 05:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mhc4-7fcr-wrj3 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  32. 2026-10-17 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  33. 2026-10-17 03:46 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-10-17 03:46 UTCVendor advisory
  35. 2026-10-17 03:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mhc4-7fcr-wrj3 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  36. 2026-10-16 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  37. 2026-10-16 01:48 UTCEG score recompute
  38. 2026-10-16 01:48 UTCVendor advisory
  39. 2026-10-16 01:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mhc4-7fcr-wrj3 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  40. 2026-10-15 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  41. 2026-10-14 21:19 UTCEG score recompute
  42. 2026-10-14 21:19 UTCVendor advisory
  43. 2026-10-14 21:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mhc4-7fcr-wrj3 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  44. 2026-10-14 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  45. 2026-10-13 17:15 UTCEG score recompute
  46. 2026-10-13 17:15 UTCVendor advisory
  47. 2026-10-13 17:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mhc4-7fcr-wrj3 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  48. 2026-10-13 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  49. 2026-10-12 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  50. 2026-10-12 15:16 UTCEG score recompute
  51. 2026-10-12 15:16 UTCVendor advisory
  52. 2026-10-12 15:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mhc4-7fcr-wrj3 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  53. 2026-10-11 21:37 UTCEG score recompute
  54. 2026-10-11 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  55. 2026-10-10 19:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  56. 2026-10-09 20:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  57. 2026-10-09 14:28 UTCOSV refresh
  58. 2026-10-08 17:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  59. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  60. 2026-10-06 15:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  61. 2026-10-05 17:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  62. 2026-10-04 23:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  63. 2026-10-03 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  64. 2026-10-01 19:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  65. 2026-09-30 16:38 UTCEG score recompute
  66. 2026-09-30 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  67. 2026-09-29 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  68. 2026-09-28 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  69. 2026-09-26 00:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  70. 2026-09-24 14:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 43rd percentile
  71. 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  72. 2026-09-20 20:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-54184?
CVE-2023-54184 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on December 30, 2025. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: target: iscsit: Free cmds before session free Commands from recovery entries are freed after session has been closed. That leads to use-after-free at command free or NPE with such call trace: Time2Retain timer expired for…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2023-54184 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2023-54184 was published on December 30, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of August 5, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2023-54184 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-54184 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.6% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (47th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-54184?
CVE-2023-54184 has a CVSS base score of 9.8 (the CNA's own assessment, by linux; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-54184?
A fix for CVE-2023-54184 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2023-54184 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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