CVE-2023-53634

MEDIUMNVD 5.55.5—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 5.5 from GitHub Security Advisory published 2025-10-07. NVD baseline CVSS 5.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: epss, ghsa, nvd
5.5
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorLow exploitation likelihood right now — keep watching.
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 0%CVSS: 5.5Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

bpf, arm64: Fixed a BTI error on returning to patched function

When BPF_TRAMP_F_CALL_ORIG is set, BPF trampoline uses BLR to jump back to the instruction next to call site to call the patched function. For BTI-enabled kernel, the instruction next to call site is usually PACIASP, in this case, it's safe to jump back with BLR. But when the call site is not followed by a PACIASP or bti, a BTI exception is triggered.

Here is a fault log:

Unhandled 64-bit el1h sync exception on CPU0, ESR 0x0000000034000002 -- BTI CPU: 0 PID: 263 Comm: test_progs Tainted: GF Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT) pstate: 40400805 (nZcv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=-c) pc : bpf_fentry_test1+0xc/0x30 lr : bpf_trampoline_6442573892_0+0x48/0x1000 sp : ffff80000c0c3a50 x29: ffff80000c0c3a90 x28: ffff0000c2e6c080 x27: 0000000000000000 x26: 0000000000000000 x25: 0000000000000000 x24: 0000000000000050 x23: 0000000000000000 x22: 0000ffffcfd2a7f0 x21: 000000000000000a x20: 0000ffffcfd2a7f0 x19: 0000000000000000 x18: 0000000000000000 x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: 0000ffffcfd2a7f0 x14: 0000000000000000 x13: 0000000000000000 x12: 0000000000000000 x11: 0000000000000000 x10: ffff80000914f5e4 x9 : ffff8000082a1528 x8 : 0000000000000000 x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 : 0101010101010101 x5 : 0000000000000000 x4 : 00000000fffffff2 x3 : 0000000000000001 x2 : ffff8001f4b82000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : 0000000000000001 Kernel panic - not syncing: Unhandled exception CPU: 0 PID: 263 Comm: test_progs Tainted: GF Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT) Call trace: dump_backtrace+0xec/0x144 show_stack+0x24/0x7c dump_stack_lvl+0x8c/0xb8 dump_stack+0x18/0x34 panic+0x1cc/0x3ec __el0_error_handler_common+0x0/0x130 el1h_64_sync_handler+0x60/0xd0 el1h_64_sync+0x78/0x7c bpf_fentry_test1+0xc/0x30 bpf_fentry_test1+0xc/0x30 bpf_prog_test_run_tracing+0xdc/0x2a0 __sys_bpf+0x438/0x22a0 __arm64_sys_bpf+0x30/0x54 invoke_syscall+0x78/0x110 el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x6c/0x1d0 do_el0_svc+0x38/0xe0 el0_svc+0x30/0xd0 el0t_64_sync_handler+0x1ac/0x1b0 el0t_64_sync+0x1a0/0x1a4 Kernel Offset: disabled CPU features: 0x0000,00034c24,f994fdab Memory Limit: none

And the instruction next to call site of bpf_fentry_test1 is ADD, not PACIASP:

: bti c nop nop add w0, w0, #0x1 paciasp

For BPF prog, JIT always puts a PACIASP after call site for BTI-enabled kernel, so there is no problem. To fix it, replace BLR with RET to bypass the branch target check.

CVSS v3
5.5
EG Score
5.5(medium)
EG Risk
—
EPSS
9.6%
KEV
Not listed

Published

October 7, 2025

Last Modified

February 3, 2026

References (3)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2023-53634(2)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(2)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
redhatkernel-0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_32023-11-07redhat
redhatkernel-0:5.14.0-284.11.1.el9_22023-05-09redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 12× in last 7d / 46× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-07-22 23:16 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-21 15:23 UTCEPSS rescore
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  1. 2026-07-06 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-06 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-06 12:41 UTCOSV refresh
  4. 2026-07-06 02:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-07-06 02:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-07-05 02:29 UTCEPSS rescore
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  8. 2026-07-01 15:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-06-30 23:21 UTCEPSS rescore
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  30. 2026-06-18 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-06-18 00:43 UTCOSV refresh
  32. 2026-06-17 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
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  40. 2026-06-11 13:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-06-10 22:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-06-10 13:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-06-07 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-06-07 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-06-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-06-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-06-05 06:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-06-05 06:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
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  55. 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
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  60. 2026-05-31 00:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  61. 2026-05-31 00:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-05-29 21:18 UTCEG score recompute
  63. 2026-05-29 21:18 UTCVendor advisory
  64. 2026-05-29 21:17 UTCGHSA enrichment
  65. 2026-05-29 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore

Related CVEs(same vendor)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-53634?
CVE-2023-53634 is a medium vulnerability published on October 7, 2025. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf, arm64: Fixed a BTI error on returning to patched function When BPFTRAMPFCALLORIG is set, BPF trampoline uses BLR to jump back to the instruction next to call site to call the patched function. For BTI-enabled kernel, the…
When was CVE-2023-53634 disclosed?
CVE-2023-53634 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on October 7, 2025, with the most recent update on February 3, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2023-53634 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-53634 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 9.6% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-53634?
CVE-2023-53634 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-53634?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2023-53634, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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