In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: caif: Fix use-after-free in cfusbl_device_notify()
syzbot reported use-after-free in cfusbl_device_notify() [1]. This
causes a stack trace like below:
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in cfusbl_device_notify+0x7c9/0x870 net/caif/caif_usb.c:138
Read of size 8 at addr ffff88807ac4e6f0 by task kworker/u4:6/1214
CPU: 0 PID: 1214 Comm: kworker/u4:6 Not tainted 5.19.0-rc3-syzkaller-00146-g92f20ff72066 #0
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011
Workqueue: netns cleanup_net
Call Trace:
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:88 [inline]
dump_stack_lvl+0xcd/0x134 lib/dump_stack.c:106
print_address_description.constprop.0.cold+0xeb/0x467 mm/kasan/report.c:313
print_report mm/kasan/report.c:429 [inline]
kasan_report.cold+0xf4/0x1c6 mm/kasan/report.c:491
cfusbl_device_notify+0x7c9/0x870 net/caif/caif_usb.c:138
notifier_call_chain+0xb5/0x200 kernel/notifier.c:87
call_netdevice_notifiers_info+0xb5/0x130 net/core/dev.c:1945
call_netdevice_notifiers_extack net/core/dev.c:1983 [inline]
call_netdevice_notifiers net/core/dev.c:1997 [inline]
netdev_wait_allrefs_any net/core/dev.c:10227 [inline]
netdev_run_todo+0xbc0/0x10f0 net/core/dev.c:10341
default_device_exit_batch+0x44e/0x590 net/core/dev.c:11334
ops_exit_list+0x125/0x170 net/core/net_namespace.c:167
cleanup_net+0x4ea/0xb00 net/core/net_namespace.c:594
process_one_work+0x996/0x1610 kernel/workqueue.c:2289
worker_thread+0x665/0x1080 kernel/workqueue.c:2436
kthread+0x2e9/0x3a0 kernel/kthread.c:376
ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:302
When unregistering a net device, unregister_netdevice_many_notify()
sets the device's reg_state to NETREG_UNREGISTERING, calls notifiers
with NETDEV_UNREGISTER, and adds the device to the todo list.
Later on, devices in the todo list are processed by netdev_run_todo().
netdev_run_todo() waits devices' reference count become 1 while
rebdoadcasting NETDEV_UNREGISTER notification.
When cfusbl_device_notify() is called with NETDEV_UNREGISTER multiple
times, the parent device might be freed. This could cause UAF.
Processing NETDEV_UNREGISTER multiple times also causes inbalance of
reference count for the module.
This patch fixes the issue by accepting only first NETDEV_UNREGISTER
notification.
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (7.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 7.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
- EG Likelihood
- 0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-27). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.
The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). Where an input reads “CISA's BOD 26-04 default”, no one has published it for this CVE, and CISA's implementation guidance says: “If “Automatable” and “Technical Impact” information items about a CVE ID are not available and the CVE ID is not in the KEV Catalog, CISA will treat its values as “no” and “total,” respectively, until CISA or a third party provides metadata about the CVE ID. CISA will always provide the Vulnrichment data for a CVE ID listed in the KEV Catalog.” Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it