CVE-2023-52927

HIGHNVD 7.87.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This high-severity CVE scores 7.8 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.3% (24th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). GitHub Security Advisory CVSS 5.5 is lower than this score; a lower GitHub score revises it only when its advisory is newer than the CVE record's last change, and this advisory (published 2025-03-14) is not newer than that change (2026-10-15), so it does not.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 4 sources updated this weekElevated

Also known asEUVD-2023-59682 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-6952-99fq-g3mw (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

7.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Public exploit or proof-of-concept code is available
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.3%CVSS: 7.8Exploit: Public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

netfilter: allow exp not to be removed in nf_ct_find_expectation

Currently nf_conntrack_in() calling nf_ct_find_expectation() will remove the exp from the hash table. However, in some scenario, we expect the exp not to be removed when the created ct will not be confirmed, like in OVS and TC conntrack in the following patches.

This patch allows exp not to be removed by setting IPS_CONFIRMED in the status of the tmpl.

CVSS v3
7.8
EG Score
7.8HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
51
EG Risk 51/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity78% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's BOD 26-04 default: no one has published Automatable for this CVE, and CISA treats it as “no” for a CVE not in KEV.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.3%
EPSS %ILE
24th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.3% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-28). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). Where an input reads “CISA's BOD 26-04 default”, no one has published it for this CVE, and CISA's implementation guidance says: “If “Automatable” and “Technical Impact” information items about a CVE ID are not available and the CVE ID is not in the KEV Catalog, CISA will treat its values as “no” and “total,” respectively, until CISA or a third party provides metadata about the CVE ID. CISA will always provide the Vulnrichment data for a CVE ID listed in the KEV Catalog.” Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

March 14, 2025

Last Modified

October 15, 2026

Advisory Details (5)

Auto-updated May 12, 2026
Patch available.
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

[SECURITY] [DLA 4193-1] linux-6.1 security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html
Web page

CVE-2023-52927 - Turning a Forgotten Syzkaller Report into kCTF Exploit | SeaDragnoL

https://seadragnol.github.io/posts/CVE-2023-52927/
Web page

netfilter: allow exp not to be removed in nf_ct_find_expectation - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4914109a8e1e494c6aa9852f9e84ec77a5fc643f
Web page

netfilter: allow exp not to be removed in nf_ct_find_expectation - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3fa58a6fbd1e9e5682d09cdafb08fba004cb12ec

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2023-52927(2)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(23)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi2-hwe-18.04-edge (5.4.0.1129.160) @ focal2026-10-28ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-lts-20.04 (5.4.0.1150.144) @ focal2026-10-28ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi-hwe-18.04-edge (5.4.0.1129.142~18.04.1) @ bionic2026-10-28ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-edge (5.15.0.1083.92~20.04.1) @ focal2026-10-28ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-edge (4.15.0.1188.203~16.04.1) @ xenial2026-10-28ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fips (4.15.0.2097.93) @ bionic2026-10-28ubuntu
ubuntulinux-xilinx-zynqmp-tools-host (5.15.0-1050.54) @ jammy2026-10-28ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fips (5.4.0.1151.88) @ focal2026-10-28ubuntu
ubuntulinux-xilinx-zynqmp-tools-5.4.0-1064 (5.4.0-1064.68) @ focal2026-10-28ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-bluefield (5.4.0.1105.101) @ focal2026-10-28ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-iot (5.4.0.1051.49) @ focal2026-10-28ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-16.04-edge (4.15.0.237.249~16.04.1) @ xenial2026-10-28ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-fips (5.15.0.1082.72) @ jammy2026-10-28ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure (4.15.0.1188.203~14.04.1) @ trusty2026-10-28ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-ibm-edge (5.4.0.1092.97~18.04.1) @ bionic2026-10-28ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime (5.15.0.1083.87) @ jammy2026-10-28ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-fips (4.15.0.2081.79) @ bionic2026-10-28ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-18.04-edge (5.4.0.215.235~18.04.1) @ bionic2026-10-28ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-lts-22.04 (5.15.0.1088.86) @ jammy2026-10-28ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-20.04-edge (5.15.0.139.135) @ jammy2026-10-28ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-fips (5.4.0.1148.90) @ focal2026-10-28ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fips (5.15.0.1088.73) @ jammy2026-10-28ubuntu
linuxKernel @ 6.1.130 (fixes >=5.18.0)—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux-6.16.1.106-3~deb11u1 ... 6.1.129-1~deb11u1 (7 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.137-1~deb11u1: fixed in 6.1.137-1~deb11u1
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.1.106-1 ... 6.1.99-1 (36 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.133-1: fixed in 6.1.133-1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux—
  • every version up to 6.6.8-1: fixed in 6.6.8-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux—
  • every version up to 6.6.8-1: fixed in 6.6.8-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

All Vendor Advisories

(22)

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 44× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 94 of 242 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 6 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 148 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-02 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  2. 2026-11-01 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  3. 2026-10-31 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  4. 2026-10-30 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  5. 2026-10-29 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  6. 2026-10-28 21:57 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-28 21:57 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-10-28 21:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-6952-99fq-g3mw · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  9. 2026-10-28 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  10. 2026-10-27 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  11. 2026-10-26 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  12. 2026-10-25 17:28 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-25 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  14. 2026-10-24 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  15. 2026-10-23 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  16. 2026-10-22 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  17. 2026-10-21 19:42 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-21 19:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-6952-99fq-g3mw · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  19. 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  20. 2026-10-20 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  21. 2026-10-19 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  22. 2026-10-18 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  23. 2026-10-18 07:41 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-17 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  25. 2026-10-16 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
Show 69 more
  1. 2026-10-15 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  2. 2026-10-15 01:27 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-10-15 01:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-6952-99fq-g3mw · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  4. 2026-10-15 00:20 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-15 00:20 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-10-15 00:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-6952-99fq-g3mw · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  7. 2026-10-14 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  8. 2026-10-13 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  9. 2026-10-12 18:13 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-12 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  11. 2026-10-11 21:38 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-11 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  13. 2026-10-10 19:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  14. 2026-10-09 20:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  15. 2026-10-08 17:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  16. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  17. 2026-10-06 15:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  18. 2026-10-05 17:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  19. 2026-10-04 23:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  20. 2026-10-03 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  21. 2026-10-01 19:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  22. 2026-09-30 16:37 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-09-30 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  24. 2026-09-29 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  25. 2026-09-28 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  26. 2026-09-28 00:49 UTCOSV refresh
  27. 2026-09-26 00:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  28. 2026-09-24 14:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  29. 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  30. 2026-09-20 20:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  31. 2026-09-18 19:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  32. 2026-09-16 14:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  33. 2026-09-16 05:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  34. 2026-09-15 03:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  35. 2026-09-13 16:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  36. 2026-09-12 14:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  37. 2026-09-11 14:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  38. 2026-09-11 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  39. 2026-09-08 21:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  40. 2026-09-08 08:54 UTCEG score recompute
  41. 2026-09-08 08:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-6952-99fq-g3mw · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  42. 2026-09-07 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  43. 2026-09-07 06:48 UTCOSV refresh
  44. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  45. 2026-09-05 15:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  46. 2026-09-04 13:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  47. 2026-09-04 05:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  48. 2026-09-02 14:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  49. 2026-09-01 13:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  50. 2026-09-01 04:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  51. 2026-08-30 19:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  52. 2026-08-30 01:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  53. 2026-08-28 21:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  54. 2026-08-27 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  55. 2026-08-26 14:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  56. 2026-08-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  57. 2026-08-23 00:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  58. 2026-08-21 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  59. 2026-08-20 22:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  60. 2026-08-20 16:31 UTCOSV refresh
  61. 2026-08-19 17:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  62. 2026-08-18 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  63. 2026-08-16 14:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  64. 2026-08-16 02:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  65. 2026-08-15 01:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  66. 2026-08-13 21:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  67. 2026-08-12 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  68. 2026-08-11 13:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  69. 2026-08-10 23:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile

Publicly available exploits

(2 references)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (2 GitHub PoCs). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

  • GitHub PoCHoangNhoo/Reproduce-CVE-2023-52927
    Published Sep 12, 2025
    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCseadragnol/CVE-2023-52927
    Published Jul 5, 2025
    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-52927?
CVE-2023-52927 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on March 14, 2025. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: allow exp not to be removed in nf_ct_find_expectation Currently nf_conntrack_in() calling nf_ct_find_expectation() will remove the exp from the hash table. However, in some scenario, we expect the exp not to be removed…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2023-52927 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2023-52927 was published on March 14, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 15, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2023-52927 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-52927 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.3% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (24th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-52927?
CVE-2023-52927 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-52927?
A fix for CVE-2023-52927 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2023-52927 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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