CVE-2023-45130

HIGHNVD 7.57.5—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This high-severity CVE scores 7.5 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.9%, top 44% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
7.5
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 1%CVSS: 7.5Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

Frontier is Substrate's Ethereum compatibility layer. Prior to commit aea528198b3b226e0d20cce878551fd4c0e3d5d0, at the end of a contract execution, when opcode SUICIDE marks a contract to be deleted, the software uses storage::remove_prefix (now renamed to storage::clear_prefix) to remove all storages associated with it. This is a single IO primitive call passing the WebAssembly boundary. For large contracts, the call (without providing a limit parameter) can be slow. In addition, for parachains, all storages to be deleted will be part of the PoV, which easily exceed relay chain PoV size limit. On the other hand, Frontier's maintainers only charge a fixed cost for opcode SUICIDE. The maintainers consider the severity of this issue high, because an attacker can craft a contract with a lot of storage values on a parachain, and then call opcode SUICIDE on the contract. If the transaction makes into a parachain block, the parachain will then stall because the PoV size will exceed relay chain's limit. This is especially an issue for XCM transactions, because they can't be skipped. Commit aea528198b3b226e0d20cce878551fd4c0e3d5d0 contains a patch for this issue. For parachains, it's recommended to issue an emergency runtime upgrade as soon as possible. For standalone chains, the impact is less severe because the issue mainly affects PoV sizes. It's recommended to issue a normal runtime upgrade as soon as possible. There are no known workarounds.

CVSS v3
7.5
EG Score
7.5(medium)
EG Risk
49(Track)
EG Risk 49/100SSVC: Track

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity75% × 45%
Exploitation1% × 40%
Automatability100% × 15%
Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence.
EPSS
55.7%
KEV
Not listed

Published

October 13, 2023

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

References (6)

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 12× in last 7d / 49× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 110 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-07-23 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-23 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-23 02:27 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-07-22 23:13 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-07-22 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-07-21 15:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-07-21 15:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-20 17:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-07-19 14:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-07-19 02:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-07-18 10:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-18 10:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-07-16 17:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-07-16 17:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-07-15 07:19 UTCOSV refresh
  18. 2026-07-15 01:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-07-13 22:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-07-13 22:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-07-13 06:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-07-13 06:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-07-12 05:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-07-12 05:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-07-11 08:26 UTCEPSS rescore
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-07-11 08:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-09 19:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-08 15:13 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-07 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-07-06 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-07-06 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-07-06 02:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-05 02:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-07-04 06:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-07-01 15:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-06-30 23:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-06-30 23:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-06-29 14:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-06-28 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-06-28 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-06-28 04:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-06-28 04:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-06-27 07:34 UTCOSV refresh
  19. 2026-06-27 03:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-06-27 03:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-06-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-06-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-23 21:31 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-06-23 21:31 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-06-22 14:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-06-22 14:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-06-21 14:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-06-21 14:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-06-21 01:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-06-21 01:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  33. 2026-06-19 19:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-06-19 19:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  35. 2026-06-18 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-06-17 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-06-17 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-06-16 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-06-16 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-06-15 17:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-06-15 17:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-06-14 23:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-06-13 22:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-06-13 22:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-06-12 23:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-06-12 23:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-06-11 13:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-06-11 13:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-06-10 22:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-06-10 13:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-06-10 13:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-06-09 18:17 UTCOSV refresh
  53. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  55. 2026-06-07 15:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  56. 2026-06-07 15:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-06-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  58. 2026-06-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  61. 2026-06-05 06:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-06-05 06:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  63. 2026-06-05 06:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  64. 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  65. 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  66. 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  67. 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-06-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  69. 2026-06-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  71. 2026-05-31 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  72. 2026-05-31 00:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  73. 2026-05-31 00:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  74. 2026-05-29 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-05-29 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore

Related CVEs(same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-45130?
CVE-2023-45130 is a high vulnerability published on October 13, 2023. Frontier is Substrate's Ethereum compatibility layer. Prior to commit aea528198b3b226e0d20cce878551fd4c0e3d5d0, at the end of a contract execution, when opcode SUICIDE marks a contract to be deleted, the software uses storage::removeprefix (now renamed to storage::clearprefix) to remove all…
When was CVE-2023-45130 disclosed?
CVE-2023-45130 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on October 13, 2023, with the most recent update on June 17, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2023-45130 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-45130 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 55.7% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-45130?
CVE-2023-45130 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-45130?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2023-45130, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2023-45130

Explore →

Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2023-45130?

EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.

Start Free Scan →Browse All CVEs