CVE-2023-41991

MEDIUMNVD 5.59.0▲
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

Score elevated to 9.0 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2023-09-25), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 5.5 retained for reference. Confidence: HIGH.

Triggered by: CISA KEV (actively exploited)
Sources: cisa_kev, epss, ghsa, nvd
Trending — 4 sources updated this weekExploited in the wild
5.5
EchelonGraph verdictPatch nowTreat as an emergency — this is being exploited.
  • Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV)
CISA-KEV: ExploitedEPSS: 5%CVSS: 5.5Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.

CVSS v3
5.5
EG Score
9.0(high)
EG Risk
81(Attend)
EG Risk 81/100SSVC: Attend

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity90% × 45%
Exploitation100% × 40%
Automatability0% × 15%
Action: Remediate soon — notable exploitation risk.
EPSS
90.6%
KEV
⚠ Exploited

Published

September 21, 2023

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

Advisory Details (5)

Auto-updated Jun 13, 2026
⚠️ Active exploitation confirmed. Patch available. Sources: cisa.
cisa Patch Available🔴 Active Exploitation

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA. Listed in CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-41991
generic🔴 Active Exploitation

About the security content of macOS Ventura 13.6 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213931
generic🔴 Active Exploitation

About the security content of iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213927
generic🔴 Active Exploitation

About the security content of macOS Ventura 13.6 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213931
generic🔴 Active Exploitation

About the security content of iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213927

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 51× in last 7d / 245× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 479 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-07-24 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-23 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-23 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-23 02:26 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-07-22 22:17 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-07-22 22:17 UTCGHSA enrichment
  7. 2026-07-22 19:40 UTCCISA KEV update
  8. 2026-07-22 18:37 UTCGHSA enrichment
  9. 2026-07-22 14:55 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-07-22 14:55 UTCGHSA enrichment
  11. 2026-07-22 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-22 11:14 UTCGHSA enrichment
  13. 2026-07-22 07:34 UTCGHSA enrichment
  14. 2026-07-22 03:53 UTCGHSA enrichment
  15. 2026-07-22 00:12 UTCGHSA enrichment
  16. 2026-07-21 20:30 UTCGHSA enrichment
  17. 2026-07-21 16:50 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-07-21 16:49 UTCGHSA enrichment
  19. 2026-07-21 15:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-07-21 15:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-07-21 14:37 UTCCISA KEV update
  22. 2026-07-21 13:09 UTCGHSA enrichment
  23. 2026-07-21 09:28 UTCGHSA enrichment
  24. 2026-07-21 05:47 UTCGHSA enrichment
  25. 2026-07-21 02:06 UTCGHSA enrichment
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-07-20 22:25 UTCGHSA enrichment
  2. 2026-07-20 18:45 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-07-20 18:45 UTCGHSA enrichment
  4. 2026-07-20 17:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-07-20 15:04 UTCGHSA enrichment
  6. 2026-07-20 11:24 UTCGHSA enrichment
  7. 2026-07-20 07:43 UTCGHSA enrichment
  8. 2026-07-20 04:02 UTCGHSA enrichment
  9. 2026-07-19 20:40 UTCGHSA enrichment
  10. 2026-07-19 17:00 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-07-19 17:00 UTCGHSA enrichment
  12. 2026-07-19 14:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-07-19 13:20 UTCGHSA enrichment
  14. 2026-07-19 09:40 UTCGHSA enrichment
  15. 2026-07-19 06:00 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-07-19 06:00 UTCGHSA enrichment
  17. 2026-07-19 02:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-07-19 02:19 UTCGHSA enrichment
  19. 2026-07-18 22:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  20. 2026-07-18 18:59 UTCGHSA enrichment
  21. 2026-07-18 15:19 UTCGHSA enrichment
  22. 2026-07-18 11:39 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-07-18 11:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  24. 2026-07-18 10:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-07-18 10:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-07-18 07:59 UTCGHSA enrichment
  27. 2026-07-18 04:19 UTCGHSA enrichment
  28. 2026-07-18 00:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  29. 2026-07-17 20:59 UTCGHSA enrichment
  30. 2026-07-17 17:19 UTCGHSA enrichment
  31. 2026-07-17 13:38 UTCGHSA enrichment
  32. 2026-07-17 09:58 UTCEG score recompute
  33. 2026-07-17 09:58 UTCGHSA enrichment
  34. 2026-07-17 06:18 UTCGHSA enrichment
  35. 2026-07-17 02:38 UTCGHSA enrichment
  36. 2026-07-16 22:58 UTCGHSA enrichment
  37. 2026-07-16 19:18 UTCGHSA enrichment
  38. 2026-07-16 17:04 UTCCISA KEV update
  39. 2026-07-16 17:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-07-16 17:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-07-16 15:36 UTCGHSA enrichment
  42. 2026-07-16 11:54 UTCGHSA enrichment
  43. 2026-07-16 08:14 UTCGHSA enrichment
  44. 2026-07-16 04:33 UTCGHSA enrichment
  45. 2026-07-16 00:53 UTCGHSA enrichment
  46. 2026-07-15 21:13 UTCGHSA enrichment
  47. 2026-07-15 17:33 UTCGHSA enrichment
  48. 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-07-15 16:49 UTCCISA KEV update
  51. 2026-07-15 15:04 UTCCISA KEV update
  52. 2026-07-15 13:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
  53. 2026-07-15 10:10 UTCGHSA enrichment
  54. 2026-07-15 06:28 UTCGHSA enrichment
  55. 2026-07-15 02:48 UTCGHSA enrichment
  56. 2026-07-15 01:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-07-14 23:08 UTCGHSA enrichment
  58. 2026-07-14 19:26 UTCGHSA enrichment
  59. 2026-07-14 18:05 UTCCISA KEV update
  60. 2026-07-14 15:45 UTCGHSA enrichment
  61. 2026-07-14 12:04 UTCGHSA enrichment
  62. 2026-07-14 08:24 UTCGHSA enrichment
  63. 2026-07-14 04:42 UTCGHSA enrichment
  64. 2026-07-14 01:02 UTCGHSA enrichment
  65. 2026-07-13 22:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  66. 2026-07-13 22:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  67. 2026-07-13 21:20 UTCGHSA enrichment
  68. 2026-07-13 17:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  69. 2026-07-13 17:07 UTCCISA KEV update
  70. 2026-07-13 13:59 UTCGHSA enrichment
  71. 2026-07-13 10:18 UTCGHSA enrichment
  72. 2026-07-13 06:37 UTCGHSA enrichment
  73. 2026-07-13 06:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  74. 2026-07-13 06:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-07-13 02:55 UTCGHSA enrichment

Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Working exploit code is in the public domain (1 GitHub PoC). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly — public PoCs typically lead to mass-exploitation within 24-72 hours.

Frequently asked(6)

What is CVE-2023-41991?
CVE-2023-41991 is a medium vulnerability published on September 21, 2023. A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.
When was CVE-2023-41991 disclosed?
CVE-2023-41991 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on September 21, 2023, with the most recent update on June 17, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2023-41991 actively exploited?
Yes. CISA added CVE-2023-41991 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on September 25, 2023, affecting Apple Multiple Products. KEV listing indicates confirmed exploitation in the wild; this CVE warrants immediate patching attention.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-41991?
CVE-2023-41991 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 9.0.
Which products are affected by CVE-2023-41991?
CVE-2023-41991 affects Apple Multiple Products. The full affected-products list, including version ranges and fixed versions, is shown in the Affected Packages section of this page.
How do I remediate CVE-2023-41991?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2023-41991, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

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