CVE-2023-41064

CRITICALNVD 7.89.0
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

“▲” beside the score: it is higher than NVD's CVSS score.

Score elevated to 9.0 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2023-09-11), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 7.8 retained for reference. The 9.0 is the floor for confirmed exploitation, not an impact rating: this CVE's impact severity (EG Severity) is CVSS 7.8 HIGH under GitHub Security Advisory CVSS. Confidence: HIGH.

Triggered by: CISA KEV (actively exploited)
Sources: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekExploited in the wild

Also known asEUVD-2023-45585 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPatch nowTreat as an emergency — this is being exploited.
  • Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV) — the reason this is sooner than the SSVC decision on this page at low mission impact
CISA-KEV: ExploitedEPSS PROB: 53%CVSS: 7.8Exploit: Public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

The CVE record names the fixed release — apply it.

A buffer overflow issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 16.6.1 and iPadOS 16.6.1, macOS Monterey 12.6.9, macOS Ventura 13.5.2, iOS 15.7.9 and iPadOS 15.7.9, macOS Big Sur 11.7.10. Processing a maliciously crafted image may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited.

CVSS v3
7.8
EG Score
9.0CRITICALhigh confidence
EG Risk
90
EG Risk 90/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity78% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation100% × 40%
Fixed at 100% for a CISA KEV listing: EchelonGraph's rule.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Attend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.
Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: The CVE record names the fixed release. Apply it sooner than your standard update timelines at low mission impact and as soon as possible at medium or high.
EPSS PROB
53%
EPSS %ILE
98th
KEV
⚠ Exploited

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.0 is the CISA KEV floor for confirmed exploitation, not an impact rating: its impact severity (EG Severity) is CVSS 7.8 HIGH.

EG Severity
7.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
53% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-01). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
CISA KEV and EG-KEV Tier 1 (exploited in the wild)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Act at medium mission impactAttend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 3 days & forensic triage if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Attend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.

The CVE record names the fixed release. Apply it sooner than your standard update timelines at low mission impact and as soon as possible at medium or high.

Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 3 days & forensic triage if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV yes (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

CISA required action“Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.”

Quoted verbatim from CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. CISA directs it at US federal civilian executive branch agencies under Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 26-04, which replaced BOD 22-01 on 10 June 2026; it is not EchelonGraph's advice. CISA's notes: https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213905 · https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213906 · https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41064

Published

September 7, 2023

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

Advisory Details (6)

Auto-updated Oct 26, 2026
⚠️ Actively exploited (CISA KEV, CISA Vulnrichment). Fix named in the CVE record.
Web page

About the security content of iOS 15.7.9 and iPadOS 15.7.9 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213913
Web page

About the security content of macOS Ventura 13.5.2 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213906
Web page

About the security content of iOS 16.6.1 and iPadOS 16.6.1 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213905
Web page

oss-security - CVE-2023-4863: libwebp: Heap buffer overflow in WebP Codec

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/09/21/4
Web page

About the security content of macOS Big Sur 11.7.10 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213915
Web page

About the security content of macOS Monterey 12.6.9 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213914

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 18× in last 7d / 118× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 1,065 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 965 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-01 22:40 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-11-01 22:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  3. 2026-11-01 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 53% · 98th percentile
  4. 2026-10-31 20:33 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-31 20:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  6. 2026-10-31 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 53% · 98th percentile
  7. 2026-10-30 18:26 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-30 18:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  9. 2026-10-30 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 53% · 98th percentile
  10. 2026-10-29 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 53% · 98th percentile
  11. 2026-10-29 16:18 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-29 16:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  13. 2026-10-28 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 53% · 98th percentile
  14. 2026-10-28 14:10 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-28 14:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  16. 2026-10-27 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 53% · 98th percentile
  17. 2026-10-27 12:03 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-27 12:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  19. 2026-10-26 09:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  20. 2026-10-25 17:36 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-25 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 53% · 98th percentile
  22. 2026-10-25 07:49 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-25 07:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  24. 2026-10-24 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 53% · 98th percentile
  25. 2026-10-24 05:41 UTCEG score recompute
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-24 05:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  2. 2026-10-23 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 53% · 98th percentile
  3. 2026-10-23 03:33 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-23 03:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  5. 2026-10-22 01:25 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-22 01:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  7. 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 53% · 98th percentile
  8. 2026-10-20 23:16 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-20 23:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  10. 2026-10-20 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 53% · 98th percentile
  11. 2026-10-19 21:09 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-19 21:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  13. 2026-10-19 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 53% · 98th percentile
  14. 2026-10-18 18:58 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-18 18:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  16. 2026-10-18 07:53 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-17 16:49 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-17 16:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  19. 2026-10-17 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 53% · 98th percentile
  20. 2026-10-16 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 53% · 98th percentile
  21. 2026-10-16 14:39 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-16 14:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  23. 2026-10-15 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 53% · 98th percentile
  24. 2026-10-15 12:31 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-15 12:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  26. 2026-10-14 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 53% · 98th percentile
  27. 2026-10-14 10:23 UTCEG score recompute
  28. 2026-10-14 10:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  29. 2026-10-13 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 53% · 98th percentile
  30. 2026-10-13 08:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  31. 2026-10-12 18:20 UTCEG score recompute
  32. 2026-10-12 06:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  33. 2026-10-12 01:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  34. 2026-10-11 21:25 UTCEG score recompute
  35. 2026-10-11 21:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  36. 2026-10-11 17:04 UTCEG score recompute
  37. 2026-10-11 17:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  38. 2026-10-11 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 53% · 98th percentile
  39. 2026-10-11 12:43 UTCEG score recompute
  40. 2026-10-11 12:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  41. 2026-10-11 08:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  42. 2026-10-11 03:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  43. 2026-10-10 23:37 UTCEG score recompute
  44. 2026-10-10 23:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  45. 2026-10-10 19:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 53% · 98th percentile
  46. 2026-10-10 19:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  47. 2026-10-10 14:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  48. 2026-10-10 10:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  49. 2026-10-10 06:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  50. 2026-10-10 01:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  51. 2026-10-09 21:27 UTCEG score recompute
  52. 2026-10-09 21:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  53. 2026-10-09 20:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 53% · 98th percentile
  54. 2026-10-09 17:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  55. 2026-10-09 12:44 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  56. 2026-10-09 08:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  57. 2026-10-09 04:03 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  58. 2026-10-08 23:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  59. 2026-10-08 19:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  60. 2026-10-08 15:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  61. 2026-10-08 10:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  62. 2026-10-08 06:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  63. 2026-10-08 01:58 UTCEG score recompute
  64. 2026-10-08 01:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  65. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 53% · 98th percentile
  66. 2026-10-07 21:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  67. 2026-10-07 17:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  68. 2026-10-07 12:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  69. 2026-10-07 08:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  70. 2026-10-07 04:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  71. 2026-10-06 23:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  72. 2026-10-06 19:30 UTCEG score recompute
  73. 2026-10-06 19:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  74. 2026-10-06 15:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 53% · 98th percentile
  75. 2026-10-06 15:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8c6q-gxj3-w77f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8

Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 GitHub PoC). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

Frequently asked(6)

What is CVE-2023-41064?
CVE-2023-41064 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on September 7, 2023. A buffer overflow issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 16.6.1 and iPadOS 16.6.1, macOS Monterey 12.6.9, macOS Ventura 13.5.2, iOS 15.7.9 and iPadOS 15.7.9, macOS Big Sur 11.7.10. Processing a maliciously crafted image may lead to arbitrary code execution.…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2023-41064 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2023-41064 was published on September 7, 2023. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of June 17, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2023-41064 actively exploited?
Yes. CISA added CVE-2023-41064 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on September 11, 2023, affecting Apple iOS, iPadOS, and macOS. KEV listing indicates confirmed exploitation in the wild; this CVE warrants immediate attention. The CVE record names the fixed release. Apply it.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-41064?
CVE-2023-41064 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.8 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 9.0 (CRITICAL).
Which products are affected by CVE-2023-41064?
CVE-2023-41064 affects Apple iOS, iPadOS, and macOS.
How do I remediate CVE-2023-41064?
The CVE record for CVE-2023-41064 names the fix: "This issue is fixed in iOS 16.6.1 and iPadOS 16.6.1, macOS Monterey 12.6.9, macOS Ventura 13.5.2, iOS 15.7.9 and iPadOS 15.7.9, macOS Big Sur 11.7.10."

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