CVE-2023-28229

HIGHNVD 7.09.0▲
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

Score elevated to 9.0 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2023-10-04), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 7.0 retained for reference. Confidence: HIGH.

Triggered by: CISA KEV (actively exploited)
Sources: cisa_kev, epss, ghsa, nvd
Trending — 5 sources updated this weekExploited in the wild
7.0
EchelonGraph verdictPatch nowTreat as an emergency — this is being exploited.
  • Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV)
CISA-KEV: ExploitedEPSS: 2%CVSS: 7.0Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

Windows CNG Key Isolation Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

CVSS v3
7.0
EG Score
9.0(high)
EPSS
77.2%
KEV
⚠ Exploited

Published

April 11, 2023

Last Modified

October 28, 2025

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Jun 11, 2026
⚠️ Active exploitation confirmed. Patch available. Sources: cisa, microsoft.
cisa Patch Available🔴 Active Exploitation

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA. Listed in CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-28229
microsoft Patch Available

Security Update Guide - Microsoft Security Response Center

Security Update Guide - Microsoft Security Response Center. Patch available via Microsoft Security Update

https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-28229

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

All Vendor Advisories

(1)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 110× in last 7d / 448× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 793 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-07-22 19:40 UTCCISA KEV update
  2. 2026-07-22 19:30 UTCGHSA enrichment
  3. 2026-07-22 15:52 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-07-22 15:52 UTCVendor advisory
  5. 2026-07-22 15:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
  6. 2026-07-22 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-07-22 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-22 12:13 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-07-22 12:13 UTCGHSA enrichment
  10. 2026-07-22 08:35 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-07-22 08:35 UTCGHSA enrichment
  12. 2026-07-22 04:56 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-07-22 04:55 UTCGHSA enrichment
  14. 2026-07-22 01:15 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-07-22 01:15 UTCGHSA enrichment
  16. 2026-07-21 21:35 UTCVendor advisory
  17. 2026-07-21 21:35 UTCGHSA enrichment
  18. 2026-07-21 17:56 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-07-21 17:56 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-07-21 17:56 UTCGHSA enrichment
  21. 2026-07-21 15:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-07-21 14:37 UTCCISA KEV update
  23. 2026-07-21 14:18 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-07-21 14:18 UTCGHSA enrichment
  25. 2026-07-21 10:40 UTCVendor advisory
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-07-21 10:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  2. 2026-07-21 07:00 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-07-21 07:00 UTCGHSA enrichment
  4. 2026-07-21 03:23 UTCVendor advisory
  5. 2026-07-21 03:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
  6. 2026-07-20 23:45 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-07-20 23:45 UTCGHSA enrichment
  8. 2026-07-20 20:06 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-07-20 20:06 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-07-20 20:06 UTCGHSA enrichment
  11. 2026-07-20 17:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-20 16:28 UTCGHSA enrichment
  13. 2026-07-20 12:50 UTCGHSA enrichment
  14. 2026-07-20 09:12 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-07-20 09:12 UTCGHSA enrichment
  16. 2026-07-20 05:34 UTCVendor advisory
  17. 2026-07-20 05:33 UTCGHSA enrichment
  18. 2026-07-20 01:56 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-07-20 01:56 UTCGHSA enrichment
  20. 2026-07-19 22:17 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-07-19 22:17 UTCGHSA enrichment
  22. 2026-07-19 18:39 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-07-19 18:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  24. 2026-07-19 15:00 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-07-19 15:00 UTCVendor advisory
  26. 2026-07-19 15:00 UTCGHSA enrichment
  27. 2026-07-19 14:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-07-19 14:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-07-19 11:22 UTCVendor advisory
  30. 2026-07-19 11:22 UTCGHSA enrichment
  31. 2026-07-19 07:44 UTCVendor advisory
  32. 2026-07-19 07:44 UTCGHSA enrichment
  33. 2026-07-19 04:06 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-07-19 04:06 UTCVendor advisory
  35. 2026-07-19 04:05 UTCGHSA enrichment
  36. 2026-07-19 02:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-07-19 02:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-07-19 00:25 UTCGHSA enrichment
  39. 2026-07-18 20:47 UTCVendor advisory
  40. 2026-07-18 20:47 UTCGHSA enrichment
  41. 2026-07-18 17:08 UTCVendor advisory
  42. 2026-07-18 17:08 UTCGHSA enrichment
  43. 2026-07-18 13:30 UTCEG score recompute
  44. 2026-07-18 13:30 UTCVendor advisory
  45. 2026-07-18 13:30 UTCGHSA enrichment
  46. 2026-07-18 10:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-07-18 10:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-07-18 09:52 UTCVendor advisory
  49. 2026-07-18 09:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
  50. 2026-07-18 06:14 UTCVendor advisory
  51. 2026-07-18 06:14 UTCGHSA enrichment
  52. 2026-07-18 02:36 UTCVendor advisory
  53. 2026-07-18 02:36 UTCGHSA enrichment
  54. 2026-07-17 22:58 UTCVendor advisory
  55. 2026-07-17 22:58 UTCGHSA enrichment
  56. 2026-07-17 19:20 UTCVendor advisory
  57. 2026-07-17 19:20 UTCGHSA enrichment
  58. 2026-07-17 15:42 UTCVendor advisory
  59. 2026-07-17 15:42 UTCGHSA enrichment
  60. 2026-07-17 12:04 UTCVendor advisory
  61. 2026-07-17 12:04 UTCGHSA enrichment
  62. 2026-07-17 08:26 UTCEG score recompute
  63. 2026-07-17 08:26 UTCVendor advisory
  64. 2026-07-17 08:26 UTCGHSA enrichment
  65. 2026-07-17 04:48 UTCVendor advisory
  66. 2026-07-17 04:48 UTCGHSA enrichment
  67. 2026-07-17 01:10 UTCVendor advisory
  68. 2026-07-17 01:10 UTCGHSA enrichment
  69. 2026-07-16 21:32 UTCVendor advisory
  70. 2026-07-16 21:32 UTCGHSA enrichment
  71. 2026-07-16 17:54 UTCVendor advisory
  72. 2026-07-16 17:54 UTCGHSA enrichment
  73. 2026-07-16 17:04 UTCCISA KEV update
  74. 2026-07-16 17:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-07-16 17:01 UTCEPSS rescore

Publicly available exploits

(2 references)

Working exploit code is in the public domain (2 GitHub PoCs). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly — public PoCs typically lead to mass-exploitation within 24-72 hours.

  • GitHub PoCbyt3n33dl3/CrackKeyIso
    First seen Mar 27, 2024

    it's a CVE-2023-28229 (Patched), but feel free to use it for check any outdated software or reseach

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCY3A/CVE-2023-28229
    First seen Sep 4, 2023
    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(6)

What is CVE-2023-28229?
CVE-2023-28229 is a high vulnerability published on April 11, 2023. Windows CNG Key Isolation Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
When was CVE-2023-28229 disclosed?
CVE-2023-28229 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on April 11, 2023, with the most recent update on October 28, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2023-28229 actively exploited?
Yes. CISA added CVE-2023-28229 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on October 4, 2023, affecting Microsoft Windows CNG Key Isolation Service. KEV listing indicates confirmed exploitation in the wild; this CVE warrants immediate patching attention.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-28229?
CVE-2023-28229 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.0 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 9.0.
Which products are affected by CVE-2023-28229?
CVE-2023-28229 affects Microsoft Windows CNG Key Isolation Service. The full affected-products list, including version ranges and fixed versions, is shown in the Affected Packages section of this page.
How do I remediate CVE-2023-28229?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2023-28229, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2023-28229

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