CVE-2023-27253

CRITICALNVD 8.89.0
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

“▲” beside the score: it is higher than NVD's CVSS score.

Score elevated to 9.0 because EPSS predicted 90% probability of exploitation within the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs) when EchelonGraph scored this CVE. NVD baseline CVSS 8.8 retained for reference. Confidence: see factors.

Triggered by: EPSS exploit prediction (continuous uplift above 30%)
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekWeaponized

Also known asEUVD-2023-31031 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan mitigationThe upstream fix is not in a release yet: until the release ships, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule, then apply it (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High exploitation likelihood — EPSS 90%
  • Public exploit code is available (Metasploit, other public proof-of-concept code)
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 90%CVSS: 8.8Exploit: Metasploit · other public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

An upstream fix is merged but not yet released — mitigate (WAF / firewall / segmentation) until the release ships, then apply it.

A command injection vulnerability in the function restore_rrddata() of Netgate pfSense v2.7.0 allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands via manipulating the contents of an XML file supplied to the component config.xml.

CVSS v3
8.8
EG Score
9.0CRITICALhigh confidence
EG Risk
75
EG Risk 75/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity88% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 8.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation90% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: An upstream fix is merged but not yet in a tagged release. Until the release ships, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule, then apply it.
EPSS PROB
90%
EPSS %ILE
99th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.0 is EPSS's lift toward 9.0 from its impact severity (EG Severity, CVSS 8.8 HIGH): a likelihood of exploitation, not impact.

EG Severity
8.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
90% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-01). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says. In the directive's words, “Fix on system upgrade” means that, “unless conditions change”, the vulnerability “should be remediated the next time the vulnerable asset receives a scheduled major upgrade or rebuild”: its timelines are “dynamic as facts change”, and a KEV listing shortens them.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

An upstream fix is merged but not yet in a tagged release. Until the release ships, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule, then apply it.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says. In the directive's words, “Fix on system upgrade” means that, “unless conditions change”, the vulnerability “should be remediated the next time the vulnerable asset receives a scheduled major upgrade or rebuild”: its timelines are “dynamic as facts change”, and a KEV listing shortens them.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

March 17, 2023

Last Modified

November 21, 2024

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Aug 12, 2026
Upstream fix merged — awaiting tagged release. Sources: github_commit.
Web page

Bug #13935: RRD restore process does not sanitize filenames from backup XML - pfSense - pfSense bugtracker

https://redmine.pfsense.org/issues/13935
GitHub commit

commit ca80d18493f8 (pfsense/pfsense)

Fix landed in pfsense/pfsense commit ca80d18493f8 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/pfsense/pfsense/commit/ca80d18493f8f91b21933ebd6b714215ae1e5e94

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 16× in last 7d / 54× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 93 of 127 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 7 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 34 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-02 08:23 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-11-02 08:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
  3. 2026-11-01 08:12 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-11-01 08:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
  5. 2026-10-31 08:00 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-31 08:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
  7. 2026-10-30 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  8. 2026-10-30 07:49 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-30 07:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
  10. 2026-10-29 07:38 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-29 07:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
  12. 2026-10-28 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  13. 2026-10-28 07:27 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-28 07:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
  15. 2026-10-27 07:16 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-27 07:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
  17. 2026-10-26 04:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
  18. 2026-10-25 17:45 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-25 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  20. 2026-10-25 03:49 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-25 03:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
  22. 2026-10-24 03:38 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-24 03:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
  24. 2026-10-23 03:27 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-23 03:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
Show 68 more
  1. 2026-10-22 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  2. 2026-10-22 03:16 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-22 03:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
  4. 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  5. 2026-10-21 03:04 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-21 03:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
  7. 2026-10-20 02:52 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-20 02:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
  9. 2026-10-19 02:40 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-19 02:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
  11. 2026-10-18 08:08 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-18 02:29 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-18 02:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
  14. 2026-10-17 02:17 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-17 02:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
  16. 2026-10-16 02:01 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-16 02:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
  18. 2026-10-14 21:46 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-14 21:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
  20. 2026-10-14 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  21. 2026-10-13 17:35 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-13 17:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
  23. 2026-10-13 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  24. 2026-10-12 17:21 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-12 17:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
  26. 2026-10-12 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  27. 2026-10-11 21:56 UTCEG score recompute
  28. 2026-10-11 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  29. 2026-10-08 17:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  30. 2026-10-03 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  31. 2026-09-30 20:40 UTCOSV refresh
  32. 2026-09-30 16:20 UTCEG score recompute
  33. 2026-09-24 14:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  34. 2026-09-23 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  35. 2026-09-22 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  36. 2026-09-12 02:40 UTCOSV refresh
  37. 2026-09-11 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  38. 2026-09-07 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  39. 2026-09-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  40. 2026-09-05 15:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  41. 2026-08-30 19:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  42. 2026-08-28 21:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  43. 2026-08-26 14:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  44. 2026-08-24 14:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  45. 2026-08-24 07:58 UTCOSV refresh
  46. 2026-08-21 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  47. 2026-08-19 17:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  48. 2026-08-13 21:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  49. 2026-08-11 13:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  50. 2026-08-08 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  51. 2026-08-08 04:26 UTCOSV refresh
  52. 2026-08-06 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  53. 2026-07-30 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  54. 2026-07-28 15:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  55. 2026-07-24 14:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  56. 2026-07-23 02:20 UTCEG score recompute
  57. 2026-07-22 21:24 UTCEG score recompute▲ 0.20
  58. 2026-07-22 21:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
  59. 2026-07-22 14:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  60. 2026-07-20 17:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  61. 2026-07-16 17:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
  62. 2026-07-16 02:53 UTCOSV refresh
  63. 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 91% · 99th percentile
  64. 2026-07-15 01:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 91% · 99th percentile
  65. 2026-07-13 22:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 91% · 99th percentile
  66. 2026-07-01 15:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 91% · 99th percentile
  67. 2026-06-28 03:04 UTCOSV refresh
  68. 2026-06-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 91% · 99th percentile

Publicly available exploits

(2 references)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 Metasploit module, 1 Exploit-DB entry). The fix is not yet in a release, so defenders should restrict or isolate affected systems accordingly until it ships.

  • Metasploitexploit/unix/http/pfsense_config_data_exec✓ verified
    Published Jul 12, 2023

    pfSense Restore RRD Data Command Injection

    Open source ↗
  • Exploit-DBEDB-51608
    Published Jul 20, 2023

    pfSense v2.7.0 - OS Command Injection

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-27253?
CVE-2023-27253 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on March 17, 2023. A command injection vulnerability in the function restore_rrddata() of Netgate pfSense v2.7.0 allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands via manipulating the contents of an XML file supplied to the component config.xml.
When was the CVE record for CVE-2023-27253 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2023-27253 was published on March 17, 2023. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of November 21, 2024; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2023-27253 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-27253 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. EchelonGraph's EG-KEV model places it in Tier 2 (Weaponized), which is not evidence of exploitation: a Metasploit module exists for it. EchelonGraph does not test whether exploit code works. FIRST EPSS estimates a 90% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-27253?
CVE-2023-27253 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.8 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 9.0 (CRITICAL).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-27253?
An upstream fix for CVE-2023-27253 has been merged but is not yet in a tagged release. Until it ships, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation, then update to the release that contains the fix.

Dependency Blast Radius

Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2023-27253

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