CVE-2022-45786

HIGHNVD 8.18.1
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 8.1 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2023-02-04. NVD baseline CVSS 8.1; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this week

Also known asEUVD-2023-0642 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-6p5q-h963-pwwf (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

8.1EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 1.0%CVSS: 8.1Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

There are issues with the AGE drivers for Golang and Python that enable SQL injections to occur. This impacts AGE for PostgreSQL 11 & AGE for PostgreSQL 12, all versions up-to-and-including 1.1.0, when using those drivers.

The fix is to update to the latest Golang and Python drivers in addition to the latest version of AGE that is used for PostgreSQL 11 or  PostgreSQL 12.

The update of AGE will add a new function to enable parameterization of the cypher() function, which, in conjunction with the driver updates, will resolve this issue.

Background (for those who want more information):

After thoroughly researching this issue, we found that due to the nature of the cypher() function, it was not easy to parameterize the values passed into it. This enabled SQL injections, if the developer of the driver wasn't careful. The developer of the Golang and Pyton drivers didn't fully utilize parameterization, likely because of this, thus enabling SQL injections.

The obvious fix to this issue is to use parameterization in the drivers for all PG SQL queries. However, parameterizing all PG queries is complicated by the fact that the cypher() function call itself cannot be parameterized directly, as it isn't a real function. At least, not the parameters that would take the graph name and cypher query.

The reason the cypher() function cannot have those values parameterized is because the function is a placeholder and never actually runs. The cypher() function node, created by PG in the query tree, is transformed and replaced with a query tree for the actual cypher query during the analyze phase. The problem is that parameters - that would be passed in and that the cypher() function transform needs to be resolved - are only resolved in the execution phase, which is much later. Since the transform of the cypher() function needs to know the graph name and cypher query prior to execution, they can't be passed as parameters.

The fix that we are testing right now, and are proposing to use, is to create a function that will be called prior to the execution of the cypher() function transform. This new function will allow values to be passed as parameters for the graph name and cypher query. As this command will be executed prior to the cypher() function transform, its values will be resolved. These values can then be cached for the immediately following cypher() function transform to use. As added features, the cached values will store the calling session's pid, for validation. And, the cypher() function transform will clear this cached information after function invocation, regardless of whether it was used.

This method will allow the parameterizing of the cypher() function indirectly and provide a way to lock out SQL injection attacks.

CVSS v3
8.1
EG Score
8.1HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
37
EG Risk 37/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity81% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 8.1 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation1.0% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
1.0%
EPSS %ILE
61st
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (8.1): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 8.1 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
8.1 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
1.0% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-31). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

February 4, 2023

Last Modified

March 26, 2025

Advisory Details (1)

Auto-updated Sep 13, 2026
Patch available.

Patch Availability(2)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
gogithub.com/apache/age/drivers/golang @ 1.1.1 (fixes <= 1.1.0)—ghsa
pipapache-age-python @ 0.0.5 (fixes <= 0.0.4)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(2 across 2 ecosystems)
Go(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
github.com/apache/age/drivers/golang—
  • every version up to 1.1.1: fixed in 1.1.1
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
PyPI(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
apache-age-python0.0.1, 0.0.2, 0.0.3, 0.0.4
  • every version up to 0.0.5: fixed in 0.0.5
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 9× in last 7d / 37× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 94 of 198 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 6 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 104 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-02 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  2. 2026-11-01 08:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-6p5q-h963-pwwf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.1
  3. 2026-11-01 08:23 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-31 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  5. 2026-10-30 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  6. 2026-10-29 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  7. 2026-10-28 23:36 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-28 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  9. 2026-10-27 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  10. 2026-10-26 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  11. 2026-10-25 17:57 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-25 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  13. 2026-10-24 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  14. 2026-10-23 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  15. 2026-10-22 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  16. 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  17. 2026-10-21 05:47 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-20 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  19. 2026-10-19 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  20. 2026-10-18 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  21. 2026-10-18 08:23 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-17 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  23. 2026-10-16 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  24. 2026-10-15 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  25. 2026-10-14 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
Show 69 more
  1. 2026-10-13 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  2. 2026-10-12 18:44 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-12 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  4. 2026-10-11 22:07 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-11 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  6. 2026-10-10 19:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  7. 2026-10-09 20:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  8. 2026-10-08 17:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  9. 2026-10-07 23:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  10. 2026-10-06 15:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  11. 2026-10-05 17:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  12. 2026-10-04 23:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  13. 2026-10-03 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  14. 2026-10-02 16:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  15. 2026-10-01 19:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  16. 2026-09-30 16:10 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-09-30 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  18. 2026-09-29 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  19. 2026-09-28 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  20. 2026-09-27 13:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  21. 2026-09-26 15:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  22. 2026-09-26 00:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  23. 2026-09-23 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  24. 2026-09-20 20:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  25. 2026-09-19 15:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  26. 2026-09-16 14:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  27. 2026-09-16 05:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  28. 2026-09-15 03:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  29. 2026-09-13 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  30. 2026-09-12 14:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  31. 2026-09-11 14:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  32. 2026-09-11 09:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  33. 2026-09-08 21:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  34. 2026-09-07 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  35. 2026-09-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  36. 2026-09-05 15:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 58th percentile
  37. 2026-09-04 13:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  38. 2026-09-04 05:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  39. 2026-09-02 14:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  40. 2026-09-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 58th percentile
  41. 2026-08-30 19:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  42. 2026-08-30 01:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  43. 2026-08-28 21:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  44. 2026-08-27 14:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  45. 2026-08-26 14:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  46. 2026-08-25 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  47. 2026-08-24 14:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  48. 2026-08-23 00:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  49. 2026-08-21 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  50. 2026-08-20 22:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  51. 2026-08-19 17:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  52. 2026-08-18 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  53. 2026-08-17 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  54. 2026-08-16 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  55. 2026-08-16 02:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  56. 2026-08-15 01:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  57. 2026-08-13 21:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  58. 2026-08-12 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  59. 2026-08-11 13:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 57th percentile
  60. 2026-08-09 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 57th percentile
  61. 2026-08-08 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 57th percentile
  62. 2026-08-07 16:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 57th percentile
  63. 2026-08-06 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 57th percentile
  64. 2026-08-05 19:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 57th percentile
  65. 2026-08-04 15:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 57th percentile
  66. 2026-08-04 10:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 57th percentile
  67. 2026-08-03 10:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 57th percentile
  68. 2026-08-02 02:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 57th percentile
  69. 2026-08-01 04:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 57th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2022-45786?
CVE-2022-45786 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on February 4, 2023. There are issues with the AGE drivers for Golang and Python that enable SQL injections to occur. This impacts AGE for PostgreSQL 11 & AGE for PostgreSQL 12, all versions up-to-and-including 1.1.0, when using those drivers. The fix is to update to the latest Golang and Python drivers in addition to…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2022-45786 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2022-45786 was published on February 4, 2023. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of March 26, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2022-45786 actively exploited?
CVE-2022-45786 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 1.0% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (61st percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2022-45786?
CVE-2022-45786 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.1 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2022-45786?
A fix for CVE-2022-45786 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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