CVE-2022-0028

CRITICALNVD 8.69.0
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

“▲” beside the score: it is higher than NVD's CVSS score.

Score elevated to 9.0 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2022-08-22), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 8.6 retained for reference. The 9.0 is the floor for confirmed exploitation, not an impact rating: this CVE's impact severity (EG Severity) is CVSS 8.6 HIGH under GitHub Security Advisory CVSS. Confidence: HIGH.

Triggered by: CISA KEV (actively exploited)
Sources: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekExploited in the wild

Also known asEUVD-2022-15249 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPatch nowTreat as an emergency — this is being exploited.
  • Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV) — the reason this is sooner than the SSVC decision on this page at low or medium mission impact
CISA-KEV: ExploitedEPSS PROB: 2.7%CVSS: 8.6Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

A PAN-OS URL filtering policy misconfiguration could allow a network-based attacker to conduct reflected and amplified TCP denial-of-service (RDoS) attacks. The DoS attack would appear to originate from a Palo Alto Networks PA-Series (hardware), VM-Series (virtual) and CN-Series (container) firewall against an attacker-specified target. To be misused by an external attacker, the firewall configuration must have a URL filtering profile with one or more blocked categories assigned to a source zone that has an external facing interface. This configuration is not typical for URL filtering and, if set, is likely unintended by the administrator. If exploited, this issue would not impact the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our products. However, the resulting denial-of-service (DoS) attack may help obfuscate the identity of the attacker and implicate the firewall as the source of the attack. We have taken prompt action to address this issue in our PAN-OS software. All software updates for this issue are expected to be released no later than the week of August 15, 2022. This issue does not impact Panorama M-Series or Panorama virtual appliances. This issue has been resolved for all Cloud NGFW and Prisma Access customers and no additional action is required from them.

CVSS v3
8.6
EG Score
9.0CRITICALhigh confidence
EG Risk
94
EG Risk 94/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity86% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 8.6 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation100% × 40%
Fixed at 100% for a CISA KEV listing: EchelonGraph's rule.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Attend at low or medium mission impact; Act at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it sooner than your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and as soon as possible at high.
EPSS PROB
2.7%
EPSS %ILE
85th
KEV
⚠ Exploited

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.0 is the CISA KEV floor for confirmed exploitation, not an impact rating: its impact severity (EG Severity) is CVSS 8.6 HIGH.

EG Severity
8.6 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
2.7% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-01). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
CISA KEV and EG-KEV Tier 1 (exploited in the wild)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Attend at medium mission impactAttend at low or medium mission impact; Act at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 14 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Attend at low or medium mission impact; Act at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it sooner than your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and as soon as possible at high.

Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 14 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV yes (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

CISA required action“Apply updates per vendor instructions.”

Quoted verbatim from CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. CISA directs it at US federal civilian executive branch agencies under Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 26-04, which replaced BOD 22-01 on 10 June 2026; it is not EchelonGraph's advice. CISA's notes: https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2022-0028 · https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0028

Published

August 10, 2022

Last Modified

November 4, 2025

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Oct 26, 2026
⚠️ Actively exploited (CISA KEV, CISA Vulnrichment). Patch available. Sources: cisa.
CISA🔴 Active Exploitation

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA. Listed in CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2022-0028
Web page

CVE-2022-0028 PAN-OS: Reflected Amplification Denial-of-Service (DoS) Vulnerability in URL Filtering

https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2022-0028

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2022-0028(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 21× in last 7d / 136× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 1,149 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 1,049 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-02 00:15 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-11-02 00:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  3. 2026-11-01 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.7% · 85th percentile
  4. 2026-11-01 00:32 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-11-01 00:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  6. 2026-10-31 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.7% · 85th percentile
  7. 2026-10-31 00:50 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-31 00:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  9. 2026-10-30 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.7% · 85th percentile
  10. 2026-10-30 01:08 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-30 01:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  12. 2026-10-29 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.7% · 85th percentile
  13. 2026-10-29 01:26 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-29 01:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  15. 2026-10-28 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.7% · 85th percentile
  16. 2026-10-28 01:41 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-28 01:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  18. 2026-10-27 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.7% · 85th percentile
  19. 2026-10-27 01:58 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-27 01:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  21. 2026-10-26 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  22. 2026-10-26 02:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  23. 2026-10-25 18:18 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-25 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  25. 2026-10-25 02:33 UTCEG score recompute
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-25 02:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  2. 2026-10-24 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  3. 2026-10-24 02:51 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-24 02:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  5. 2026-10-23 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  6. 2026-10-23 03:09 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-23 03:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  8. 2026-10-22 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  9. 2026-10-22 03:26 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-22 03:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  11. 2026-10-21 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  12. 2026-10-21 03:44 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-21 03:44 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  14. 2026-10-20 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  15. 2026-10-20 04:01 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-20 04:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  17. 2026-10-19 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  18. 2026-10-19 04:18 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-19 04:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  20. 2026-10-18 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  21. 2026-10-18 04:36 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-18 04:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  23. 2026-10-17 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  24. 2026-10-17 04:52 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-17 04:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  26. 2026-10-16 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  27. 2026-10-16 05:09 UTCEG score recompute
  28. 2026-10-16 05:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  29. 2026-10-15 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  30. 2026-10-15 05:26 UTCEG score recompute
  31. 2026-10-15 05:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  32. 2026-10-14 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  33. 2026-10-14 05:44 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-10-14 05:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  35. 2026-10-13 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  36. 2026-10-13 06:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  37. 2026-10-12 19:04 UTCEG score recompute
  38. 2026-10-12 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  39. 2026-10-12 06:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  40. 2026-10-12 02:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  41. 2026-10-11 22:02 UTCEG score recompute
  42. 2026-10-11 22:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  43. 2026-10-11 17:55 UTCEG score recompute
  44. 2026-10-11 17:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  45. 2026-10-11 13:49 UTCEG score recompute
  46. 2026-10-11 13:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  47. 2026-10-11 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  48. 2026-10-11 09:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  49. 2026-10-11 05:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  50. 2026-10-11 01:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  51. 2026-10-10 21:20 UTCEG score recompute
  52. 2026-10-10 21:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  53. 2026-10-10 19:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  54. 2026-10-10 17:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  55. 2026-10-10 13:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  56. 2026-10-10 09:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  57. 2026-10-10 04:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  58. 2026-10-10 00:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  59. 2026-10-09 20:40 UTCEG score recompute
  60. 2026-10-09 20:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  61. 2026-10-09 20:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  62. 2026-10-09 16:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  63. 2026-10-09 12:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  64. 2026-10-09 08:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  65. 2026-10-09 04:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  66. 2026-10-09 00:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  67. 2026-10-08 20:01 UTCEG score recompute
  68. 2026-10-08 20:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  69. 2026-10-08 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  70. 2026-10-08 15:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  71. 2026-10-08 11:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  72. 2026-10-08 07:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  73. 2026-10-08 03:33 UTCEG score recompute
  74. 2026-10-08 03:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-r3j6-h9rm-9q33 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  75. 2026-10-07 23:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile

Frequently asked(6)

What is CVE-2022-0028?
CVE-2022-0028 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on August 10, 2022. A PAN-OS URL filtering policy misconfiguration could allow a network-based attacker to conduct reflected and amplified TCP denial-of-service (RDoS) attacks. The DoS attack would appear to originate from a Palo Alto Networks PA-Series (hardware), VM-Series (virtual) and CN-Series (container)…
When was CVE-2022-0028 made public?
CVE-2022-0028 was made public on August 10, 2022: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, Palo Alto Networks, Inc., gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on August 10, 2022. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of November 4, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2022-0028 actively exploited?
Yes. CISA added CVE-2022-0028 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on August 22, 2022, affecting Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS. KEV listing indicates confirmed exploitation in the wild; this CVE warrants immediate attention. A fix is available. Apply it.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2022-0028?
CVE-2022-0028 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.6 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 9.0 (CRITICAL).
Which products are affected by CVE-2022-0028?
CVE-2022-0028 affects Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS.
How do I remediate CVE-2022-0028?
A fix for CVE-2022-0028 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2022-0028 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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