In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
spi: Fix use-after-free with devm_spi_alloc_*
We can't rely on the contents of the devres list during
spi_unregister_controller(), as the list is already torn down at the
time we perform devres_find() for devm_spi_release_controller. This
causes devices registered with devm_spi_alloc_{master,slave}() to be
mistakenly identified as legacy, non-devm managed devices and have their
reference counters decremented below 0.
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 660 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0x108/0x174
[] (refcount_warn_saturate) from [] (kobject_put+0x90/0x98)
[] (kobject_put) from [] (put_device+0x20/0x24)
r4:b6700140
[] (put_device) from [] (devm_spi_release_controller+0x3c/0x40)
[] (devm_spi_release_controller) from [] (release_nodes+0x84/0xc4)
r5:b6700180 r4:b6700100
[] (release_nodes) from [] (devres_release_all+0x5c/0x60)
r8:b1638c54 r7:b117ad94 r6:b1638c10 r5:b117ad94 r4:b163dc10
[] (devres_release_all) from [] (__device_release_driver+0x144/0x1ec)
r5:b117ad94 r4:b163dc10
[] (__device_release_driver) from [] (device_driver_detach+0x84/0xa0)
r9:00000000 r8:00000000 r7:b117ad94 r6:b163dc54 r5:b1638c10 r4:b163dc10
[] (device_driver_detach) from [] (unbind_store+0xe4/0xf8)
Instead, determine the devm allocation state as a flag on the
controller which is guaranteed to be stable during cleanup.
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (7.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 7.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
- EG Likelihood
- 0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-27). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.
A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.
The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it