In BIG-IP versions 15.0.0-15.1.0.3, 14.1.0-14.1.2.5, 13.1.0-13.1.3.3, 12.1.0-12.1.5.1, and 11.6.1-11.6.5.1, the Traffic Management User Interface (TMUI), also referred to as the Configuration utility, has a Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in undisclosed pages.
CVE-2020-5902
“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.
Score elevated to 9.8 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2021-11-03), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 9.8 retained for reference. Confidence: HIGH.
Also known asEUVD-2020-27056 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD
- Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV) — the reason this is sooner than the SSVC decision on this page at low mission impact
No fix has been recorded since the CVE record was published in 2020 — use a compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and check the vendor's advisory.
- CVSS v3
- 9.8
- EG Score
- 9.8CRITICALhigh confidence
- EG Risk
- 99EG Risk 99/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity98% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation100% × 40%Fixed at 100% for a CISA KEV listing: EchelonGraph's rule.Automatability100% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Attend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: No fix has been recorded since the CVE record was published in 2020. Check the vendor's advisory for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation sooner than your normal schedule at low mission impact and as soon as possible at medium or high. - EPSS PROB
- >99.9%
- EPSS %ILE
- 100th
- KEV
- ⚠ Exploited
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
- EG Likelihood
- >99.9% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-01). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- CISA KEV and EG-KEV Tier 1 (exploited in the wild)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Act at medium mission impactAttend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 3 days & forensic triage if it is not.No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: this CVE is in CISA's KEV catalog, and CISA's required action for it, quoted below, applies whether or not a fix is released.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Attend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.
No fix has been recorded since the CVE record was published in 2020. Check the vendor's advisory for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation sooner than your normal schedule at low mission impact and as soon as possible at medium or high.
Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 3 days & forensic triage if it is not.
No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: this CVE is in CISA's KEV catalog, and CISA's required action for it, quoted below, applies whether or not a fix is released.
The score's inputs: In CISA KEV yes (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
CISA required action“Apply updates per vendor instructions.”
Quoted verbatim from CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. CISA directs it at US federal civilian executive branch agencies under Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 26-04, which replaced BOD 22-01 on 10 June 2026; it is not EchelonGraph's advice. CISA's notes: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-5902
Published
July 1, 2020
Last Modified
October 27, 2025
Advisory Details (8)
Auto-updated Oct 30, 2026Packet Storm
http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/175671/F5-BIG-IP-TMUI-Directory-Traversal-File-Upload-Code-Execution.htmlPacket Storm
http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/158581/F5-Big-IP-13.1.3-Build-0.0.6-Local-File-Inclusion.htmlPacket Storm
http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/158366/F5-BIG-IP-TMUI-Directory-Traversal-File-Upload-Code-Execution.htmlPacket Storm
http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/158334/BIG-IP-TMUI-Remote-Code-Execution.htmlWeakness Classification(2)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 13× in last 7d / 98× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
Showing the most recent 100 of 922 refreshes on record for this CVE.
A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 822 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.
- 2026-11-01 17:47 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-11-01 17:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-31 15:51 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-31 15:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-30 13:55 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-30 13:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-29 11:59 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-29 11:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-28 10:00 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-28 09:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-27 08:02 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-27 08:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-26 06:05 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-25 18:41 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-25 04:09 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-25 04:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-24 02:11 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-24 02:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-23 00:14 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-23 00:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-21 22:17 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-21 22:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-20 20:20 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-20 20:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-19 18:23 UTCEG score recompute
Show 75 moreShow fewer
- 2026-10-19 18:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-18 16:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-18 09:19 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 17:26 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 17:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-16 15:29 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-16 15:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-15 13:32 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-15 13:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-14 11:35 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-14 11:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-13 09:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-12 19:33 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-12 07:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-12 03:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-11 23:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-11 19:52 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 19:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-11 15:58 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 15:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-11 12:05 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 12:05 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-11 08:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-11 04:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-11 00:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-10 20:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-10 16:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-10 12:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-10 08:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-10 04:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-10 01:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-09 21:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-09 17:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-09 13:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-09 09:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-09 05:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-09 01:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-08 21:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-08 17:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-08 13:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-08 10:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-08 06:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-08 02:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-07 22:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-07 18:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-07 14:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-07 10:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-07 06:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-07 02:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-06 23:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-06 19:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-06 15:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-06 11:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-06 07:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-06 03:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-06 03:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-05 23:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-05 19:44 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-05 15:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-05 11:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-05 08:05 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-05 04:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-05 00:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-04 20:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-04 16:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-04 12:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-04 08:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-04 04:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-04 00:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-03 21:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-03 17:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-03 13:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-03 09:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-03 05:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-03 01:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2859-2hr6-f86v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
Publicly available exploits
(15 references, 10 shown)Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 Metasploit module, 3 Exploit-DB entries, 7 GitHub PoCs), as are 1 Nuclei detection template, 3 GitHub checker repositories. A detection template checks whether a system is affected; it is not necessarily exploit code. A GitHub repository named or described as a checker or scanner checks whether a system is affected; it is not necessarily exploit code. No fix has been recorded since the CVE record was published in 2020. If the vendor still supports the product, apply the fixed version it names; if it no longer does, isolate the affected system.
- Metasploitexploit/linux/http/f5_bigip_tmui_rce_cve_2020_5902✓ verifiedPublished Nov 2, 2023
F5 BIG-IP TMUI Directory Traversal and File Upload RCE
Open source ↗ - GitHub checkerPushpenderIndia/CVE-2020-5902-ScannerPublished Aug 9, 2020
Automated F5 Big IP Remote Code Execution (CVE-2020-5902) Scanner Written In Python 3
Open source ↗ - Exploit-DBEDB-48711Published Jul 26, 2020
F5 Big-IP 13.1.3 Build 0.0.6 - Local File Inclusion
Open source ↗ - Open source ↗GitHub checkerf5devcentral/cve-2020-5902-ioc-bigip-checkerPublished Jul 20, 2020
- GitHub PoCtheLSA/f5-bigip-rce-cve-2020-5902Published Jul 10, 2020
F5 BIG-IP RCE CVE-2020-5902 automatic check tool
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoCzhzyker/CVE-2020-5902Published Jul 8, 2020
F5 BIG-IP 任意文件读取+远程命令执行RCE
Open source ↗ - Exploit-DBEDB-48642Published Jul 6, 2020
BIG-IP 15.0.0 < 15.1.0.3 / 14.1.0 < 14.1.2.5 / 13.1.0 < 13.1.3.3 / 12.1.0 < 12.1.5.1 / 11.6.1 < 11.6.5.1 - Traffic Management User Interface 'TMUI' Remote Code Execution
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoCdunderhay/CVE-2020-5902Published Jul 6, 2020
Python script to exploit F5 Big-IP CVE-2020-5902
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoCyasserjanah/CVE-2020-5902Published Jul 6, 2020
exploit code for F5-Big-IP (CVE-2020-5902)
Open source ↗ - Exploit-DBEDB-48643Published Jul 5, 2020
BIG-IP 15.0.0 < 15.1.0.3 / 14.1.0 < 14.1.2.5 / 13.1.0 < 13.1.3.3 / 12.1.0 < 12.1.5.1 / 11.6.1 < 11.6.5.1 - Traffic Management User Interface 'TMUI' Remote Code Execution (PoC)
Open source ↗
Related CVEs(same CWE)
Same CWE
10 shownCWE-22 · CWE-94
Frequently asked(6)
What is CVE-2020-5902?
When was the CVE record for CVE-2020-5902 published?
Is CVE-2020-5902 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2020-5902?
Which products are affected by CVE-2020-5902?
How do I remediate CVE-2020-5902?
Dependency Blast Radius
Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2020-5902
Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2020-5902?
EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.