CVE-2010-4398

CRITICALNVD 7.89.0
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

“▲” beside the score: it is higher than NVD's CVSS score.

Score elevated to 9.0 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2022-03-28), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 7.8 retained for reference. The 9.0 is the floor for confirmed exploitation, not an impact rating: this CVE's impact severity (EG Severity) is CVSS 7.8 HIGH under GitHub Security Advisory CVSS. Confidence: HIGH.

Triggered by: CISA KEV (actively exploited)
Sources: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekExploited in the wild

Also known asEUVD-2010-4367 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictMitigate nowTreat as an emergency — this is being exploited.
  • Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV) — the reason this is sooner than the SSVC decision on this page at low or medium mission impact
CISA-KEV: ExploitedEPSS PROB: 8.7%CVSS: 7.8Exploit: Exploit-DB (verified)Exposed services: Not assessed

A fix is referenced (a reference tagged "Patch", often a source commit), but no release containing it is confirmed — find the release that contains it; until it is applied, mitigate (WAF / firewall / segmentation).

Stack-based buffer overflow in the RtlQueryRegistryValues function in win32k.sys in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP1 and SP2, Windows Server 2008 Gold, SP2, and R2, and Windows 7 allows local users to gain privileges, and bypass the User Account Control (UAC) feature, via a crafted REG_BINARY value for a SystemDefaultEUDCFont registry key, aka "Driver Improper Interaction with Windows Kernel Vulnerability."

CVSS v3
7.8
EG Score
9.0CRITICALhigh confidence
EG Risk
75
EG Risk 75/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity78% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation100% × 40%
Fixed at 100% for a CISA KEV listing: EchelonGraph's rule.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Attend at medium and Act at high mission impact.
Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is referenced, but no release containing it is confirmed. Check the referenced fix and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains it; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule at low, sooner than that at medium and as soon as possible at high mission impact.
EPSS PROB
8.7%
EPSS %ILE
95th
KEV
⚠ Exploited

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.0 is the CISA KEV floor for confirmed exploitation, not an impact rating: its impact severity (EG Severity) is CVSS 7.8 HIGH.

EG Severity
7.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
8.7% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-01). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
CISA KEV and EG-KEV Tier 1 (exploited in the wild)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Attend at medium mission impactTrack at low, Attend at medium and Act at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 14 days if it is not.No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: this CVE is in CISA's KEV catalog, and CISA's required action for it, quoted below, applies whether or not a fix is released.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Attend at medium and Act at high mission impact.

A fix is referenced, but no release containing it is confirmed. Check the referenced fix and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains it; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule at low, sooner than that at medium and as soon as possible at high mission impact.

Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 14 days if it is not.

No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: this CVE is in CISA's KEV catalog, and CISA's required action for it, quoted below, applies whether or not a fix is released.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV yes (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

CISA required action“Apply updates per vendor instructions.”

Quoted verbatim from CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. CISA directs it at US federal civilian executive branch agencies under Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 26-04, which replaced BOD 22-01 on 10 June 2026; it is not EchelonGraph's advice. CISA's notes: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-4398

Published

December 6, 2010

Last Modified

April 21, 2026

Advisory Details (6)

Auto-updated Nov 2, 2026
⚠️ Actively exploited (CISA KEV, CISA Vulnrichment). Fix referenced — no release confirmed yet. Sources: cert.
Web page

PSIRT.COM — Product Security Incident Response Team

http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/45045
CERT

VU#529673 - Microsoft Windows RtlQueryRegistryValues() does not adequately validate registry data

http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/529673
Web page

Microsoft Windows Vista/7 - Local Privilege Escalation (UAC Bypass) - Windows local Exploit

http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/15609/
Web page

Secunia Research & Vulnerability Insights | Flexera

http://secunia.com/advisories/42356
Web page🟡 PoC Available

Privilege escalation 0-day in almost all Windows versions

http://isc.sans.edu/diary.html?storyid=9988

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 22× in last 7d / 134× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 1,083 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 983 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-02 06:19 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-11-02 06:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  3. 2026-11-01 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 95th percentile
  4. 2026-11-01 08:29 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-11-01 08:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  6. 2026-10-31 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 95th percentile
  7. 2026-10-31 10:37 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-31 10:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  9. 2026-10-30 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 95th percentile
  10. 2026-10-30 12:45 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-30 12:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  12. 2026-10-29 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 95th percentile
  13. 2026-10-29 14:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  14. 2026-10-28 17:02 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-28 17:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  16. 2026-10-28 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 95th percentile
  17. 2026-10-27 19:11 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-27 19:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  19. 2026-10-27 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 95th percentile
  20. 2026-10-26 21:19 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-26 21:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  22. 2026-10-26 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 95th percentile
  23. 2026-10-25 23:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  24. 2026-10-25 20:17 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-25 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 95th percentile
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-25 01:36 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-25 01:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  3. 2026-10-24 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 95th percentile
  4. 2026-10-24 03:45 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-24 03:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  6. 2026-10-23 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 95th percentile
  7. 2026-10-23 05:52 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-23 05:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  9. 2026-10-22 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 95th percentile
  10. 2026-10-22 08:01 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-22 08:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  12. 2026-10-21 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 95th percentile
  13. 2026-10-21 10:08 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-21 10:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  15. 2026-10-20 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 95th percentile
  16. 2026-10-20 12:13 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-20 12:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  18. 2026-10-19 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 95th percentile
  19. 2026-10-19 14:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  20. 2026-10-18 16:27 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-18 16:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  22. 2026-10-18 11:35 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-17 18:35 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-17 18:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  25. 2026-10-17 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 95th percentile
  26. 2026-10-16 20:43 UTCEG score recompute
  27. 2026-10-16 20:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  28. 2026-10-16 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 95th percentile
  29. 2026-10-15 22:51 UTCEG score recompute
  30. 2026-10-15 22:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  31. 2026-10-15 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 95th percentile
  32. 2026-10-15 01:00 UTCEG score recompute
  33. 2026-10-15 01:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  34. 2026-10-14 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 95th percentile
  35. 2026-10-14 03:07 UTCEG score recompute
  36. 2026-10-14 03:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  37. 2026-10-13 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 95th percentile
  38. 2026-10-13 05:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  39. 2026-10-12 21:39 UTCEG score recompute
  40. 2026-10-12 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 95th percentile
  41. 2026-10-12 07:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  42. 2026-10-12 02:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  43. 2026-10-11 22:37 UTCEG score recompute
  44. 2026-10-11 22:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  45. 2026-10-11 18:15 UTCEG score recompute
  46. 2026-10-11 18:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  47. 2026-10-11 13:50 UTCEG score recompute
  48. 2026-10-11 13:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  49. 2026-10-11 13:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 95th percentile
  50. 2026-10-11 09:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  51. 2026-10-11 05:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  52. 2026-10-11 00:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  53. 2026-10-10 20:21 UTCEG score recompute
  54. 2026-10-10 20:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  55. 2026-10-10 19:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 95th percentile
  56. 2026-10-10 16:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  57. 2026-10-10 11:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  58. 2026-10-10 07:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  59. 2026-10-10 02:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  60. 2026-10-09 22:33 UTCEG score recompute
  61. 2026-10-09 22:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  62. 2026-10-09 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 95th percentile
  63. 2026-10-09 18:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  64. 2026-10-09 13:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  65. 2026-10-09 09:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  66. 2026-10-09 05:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  67. 2026-10-09 00:44 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  68. 2026-10-08 20:23 UTCEG score recompute
  69. 2026-10-08 20:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  70. 2026-10-08 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.7% · 94th percentile
  71. 2026-10-08 16:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  72. 2026-10-08 11:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  73. 2026-10-08 07:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  74. 2026-10-08 02:58 UTCEG score recompute
  75. 2026-10-08 02:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-v6fx-3qcr-2mfg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8

Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 Exploit-DB entry). No release with the fix is confirmed, so defenders should restrict or isolate affected systems accordingly until one is applied.

  • Exploit-DBEDB-15609✓ verified
    Published Nov 24, 2010

    Microsoft Windows Vista/7 - Local Privilege Escalation (UAC Bypass)

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(6)

What is CVE-2010-4398?
CVE-2010-4398 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on December 6, 2010. Stack-based buffer overflow in the RtlQueryRegistryValues function in win32k.sys in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP1 and SP2, Windows Server 2008 Gold, SP2, and R2, and Windows 7 allows local users to gain privileges, and bypass the User Account Control…
When was CVE-2010-4398 made public?
CVE-2010-4398 was made public on November 24, 2010: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, MITRE Corporation, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on December 6, 2010. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of April 21, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2010-4398 actively exploited?
Yes. CISA added CVE-2010-4398 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on March 28, 2022, affecting Microsoft Windows. KEV listing indicates confirmed exploitation in the wild; this CVE warrants immediate attention. A fix is referenced, but no release containing it is confirmed. Check the referenced fix and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains it; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2010-4398?
CVE-2010-4398 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.8 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 9.0 (CRITICAL).
Which products are affected by CVE-2010-4398?
CVE-2010-4398 affects Microsoft Windows.
How do I remediate CVE-2010-4398?
A fix for CVE-2010-4398 is referenced (a reference tagged "Patch", often a source commit), but EchelonGraph has no release containing it on record. Check that reference and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains the fix and update to it; until then, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation.

Dependency Blast Radius

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