CVE-2004-2761

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: MODERATE) published 2022-04-29. NVD baseline CVSS 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 4 sources updated this weekWeaponized

Also known asEUVD-2004-2751 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-2q4p-93p8-q2j6 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Public exploit code is available (Exploit-DB, marked verified by Exploit-DB)
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 10%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: Exploit-DB (verified)Exposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm is not collision resistant, which makes it easier for context-dependent attackers to conduct spoofing attacks, as demonstrated by attacks on the use of MD5 in the signature algorithm of an X.509 certificate.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
85
EG Risk 85/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation65% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 2 (Weaponized): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
10%
EPSS %ILE
95th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
10% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-01). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

January 5, 2009

Last Modified

May 28, 2026

Advisory Details (8)

Auto-updated Oct 8, 2026
Patch available. Sources: cert.
CERT

VU#836068 - MD5 vulnerable to collision attacks

http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/836068
Web page

MD5 Considered Harmful Today: Creating a rogue CA certificate - CXSecurity.com

http://securityreason.com/securityalert/4866
Web page

Secunia Research & Vulnerability Insights | Flexera

http://secunia.com/advisories/42181
Web page

Secunia Research & Vulnerability Insights | Flexera

http://secunia.com/advisories/34281
Web page

Secunia Research & Vulnerability Insights | Flexera

http://secunia.com/advisories/33826
Web page

MD5 Weaknesses Could Lead to Certificate Forgery - Mozilla Security Blog

http://blog.mozilla.com/security/2008/12/30/md5-weaknesses-could-lead-to-certificate-forgery/

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2004-2761(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(3)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulibnss3-1d (3.12.0.3-0ubuntu5.8.10.1) @ intrepid2026-11-01ubuntu
redhatrhpki-util-0:7.3.0-21.el42010-11-08redhat
redhatpki-util-0:8.0.5-1.el5pki2010-11-08redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

All Vendor Advisories

(3)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 25× in last 7d / 86× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 99 of 170 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 1 repeat row among the latest 100 is merged into the row it repeats. The 71 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-01 18:58 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-11-01 18:58 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-11-01 18:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2q4p-93p8-q2j6 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  4. 2026-11-01 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10% · 95th percentile
  5. 2026-10-31 16:54 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-31 16:54 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-10-31 16:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2q4p-93p8-q2j6 · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  8. 2026-10-31 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10% · 95th percentile
  9. 2026-10-30 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10% · 95th percentile
  10. 2026-10-30 14:35 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-30 14:35 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-10-30 14:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2q4p-93p8-q2j6 · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  13. 2026-10-29 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10% · 95th percentile
  14. 2026-10-29 12:32 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-29 12:32 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-10-29 12:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2q4p-93p8-q2j6 · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  17. 2026-10-28 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10% · 95th percentile
  18. 2026-10-28 10:23 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-28 10:23 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-10-28 10:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2q4p-93p8-q2j6 · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  21. 2026-10-27 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10% · 95th percentile
  22. 2026-10-27 07:23 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-27 07:23 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-10-27 07:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2q4p-93p8-q2j6 · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  25. 2026-10-26 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10% · 95th percentile
Show 74 more
  1. 2026-10-26 02:24 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-10-26 02:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2q4p-93p8-q2j6 · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  3. 2026-10-25 20:48 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-25 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10% · 95th percentile
  5. 2026-10-25 00:20 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-25 00:20 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-10-25 00:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2q4p-93p8-q2j6 · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  8. 2026-10-24 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10% · 95th percentile
  9. 2026-10-23 22:17 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-23 22:17 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-10-23 22:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2q4p-93p8-q2j6 · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  12. 2026-10-23 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  13. 2026-10-22 20:13 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-22 20:13 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-10-22 20:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2q4p-93p8-q2j6 · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  16. 2026-10-22 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  17. 2026-10-21 18:07 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-21 18:07 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-10-21 18:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2q4p-93p8-q2j6 · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  20. 2026-10-21 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  21. 2026-10-20 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  22. 2026-10-20 16:01 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-20 16:01 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-10-20 16:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2q4p-93p8-q2j6 · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  25. 2026-10-19 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  26. 2026-10-19 13:55 UTCEG score recompute
  27. 2026-10-19 13:55 UTCVendor advisory
  28. 2026-10-19 13:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2q4p-93p8-q2j6 · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  29. 2026-10-18 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  30. 2026-10-18 11:49 UTCEG score recompute
  31. 2026-10-18 11:49 UTCVendor advisory
  32. 2026-10-18 11:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2q4p-93p8-q2j6 · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  33. 2026-10-17 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  34. 2026-10-17 09:45 UTCEG score recompute
  35. 2026-10-17 09:45 UTCVendor advisory
  36. 2026-10-17 09:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2q4p-93p8-q2j6 · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  37. 2026-10-16 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  38. 2026-10-16 07:40 UTCEG score recompute
  39. 2026-10-16 07:40 UTCVendor advisory
  40. 2026-10-16 07:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2q4p-93p8-q2j6 · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  41. 2026-10-15 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  42. 2026-10-15 05:35 UTCEG score recompute
  43. 2026-10-15 05:35 UTCVendor advisory
  44. 2026-10-15 05:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2q4p-93p8-q2j6 · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  45. 2026-10-14 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  46. 2026-10-14 01:15 UTCEG score recompute
  47. 2026-10-14 01:15 UTCVendor advisory
  48. 2026-10-14 01:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2q4p-93p8-q2j6 · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  49. 2026-10-13 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  50. 2026-10-12 21:23 UTCEG score recompute
  51. 2026-10-12 21:23 UTCVendor advisory
  52. 2026-10-12 21:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2q4p-93p8-q2j6 · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  53. 2026-10-12 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  54. 2026-10-12 02:21 UTCEG score recompute
  55. 2026-10-11 13:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  56. 2026-10-10 19:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  57. 2026-10-09 19:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  58. 2026-10-08 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  59. 2026-10-07 23:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  60. 2026-10-06 15:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  61. 2026-10-05 17:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  62. 2026-10-01 19:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  63. 2026-09-29 02:42 UTCEG score recompute
  64. 2026-09-18 19:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  65. 2026-09-17 19:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  66. 2026-09-12 14:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  67. 2026-09-10 09:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  68. 2026-09-04 04:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  69. 2026-08-08 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  70. 2026-08-05 19:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  71. 2026-07-25 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  72. 2026-07-24 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 9.9% · 95th percentile
  73. 2026-07-23 00:47 UTCEG score recompute
  74. 2026-07-23 00:27 UTCEG score recompute

Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 Exploit-DB entry). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

  • Exploit-DBEDB-24807✓ verified
    Published Dec 7, 2004

    MD5 - Message Digest Algorithm Hash Collision

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2004-2761?
CVE-2004-2761 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on January 5, 2009. The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm is not collision resistant, which makes it easier for context-dependent attackers to conduct spoofing attacks, as demonstrated by attacks on the use of MD5 in the signature algorithm of an X.509 certificate.
When was CVE-2004-2761 made public?
CVE-2004-2761 was made public on August 17, 2004: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, MITRE Corporation, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on January 5, 2009. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of May 28, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2004-2761 actively exploited?
CVE-2004-2761 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. EchelonGraph's EG-KEV model places it in Tier 2 (Weaponized), which is not evidence of exploitation: Exploit-DB marks a public exploit for it as verified. EchelonGraph does not test whether exploit code works. FIRST EPSS estimates a 10% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (95th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2004-2761?
CVE-2004-2761 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2004-2761?
A fix for CVE-2004-2761 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2004-2761 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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